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1、中南民族大学硕士学位论文 I 摘 要 在行政法研究中 第一性的东西应该是行政相对方及其权利 行政法中最基本的元素是“人”“人”才应该是行政法所有问题的出发点和归宿然而这一点却常常被忽视在行政相对人权利的大命题之下抽象行政行为行政相对方的权利构成了行政相对方权利权利体系中的重要分支目前法学界对抽象行政行为行政相对方权利的系统研究几乎空白而另一方面抽象行政行为行政相对方的权利及其实现问题与行政权的运行模式行政法的价值乃至宪政等重大问题关系紧密 鉴于此 笔者以抽象行政行政行为行政相对方权利及其救济为主要研究内容试图对抽象行政行为行政相对方权利作出的系统分析和有益思考 本文主体包括四个部分即四章 第一
2、部分从行政相对人的基本概念出发引出抽象行政行为行政相对方的一般涵义笔者认为抽象行政行为行政相对方是指在抽象行政法律关系中对行政主体享有权利或承担义务的公民法人或其他组织即因行政主体制定行政法规规章以及其他具有普遍约束力的决定命令行为而与行政主体产生权利义务关系的公民法人或其他组织从行政行为的对象上看抽象行政行为所指向的对象是相对广泛是不特定的抽象行政行为行政相对方是在某抽象行政法律关系中具有同类权利义务关系的相对人 第二部分主要是对抽象行政行为行政相对方权利基本理论的分析具体阐述了抽象行政行为行政相对方权利的理论依据初始形态和主要内容关于抽象行政行为行政相对方的权利依据笔者主要考虑了人权宪政意
3、识下宪法公民权的发展和行政法自身的发展趋势等三个方面在实在法的层面抽象行政行为行政相对方的权利在本源上主要由两部分构成一是部分宪法基本权利在行政部门法领域内的具体化及其衍生二是监督权及由监督权派生出的请求权笔者主张在行政部门法的体系之下确认参与权知情权诉权审查建议权损害赔偿权等项目作为抽象行政行为行政相对方程序性权利的主要内容 第三部分我国抽象行政行为侵权基本理论和抽象行政行为行政相对方权利现状在该部分笔者首先从行政侵权的基本范畴出发演绎出抽象行政行为侵权的一般内涵构成要素和法律后果笔者认为抽象行政行为侵权的识别具体包括如下要素1行政规范性文件生效但违法2抽象行政行为对行政相对方的权益造成了实
4、害或者紧迫的致害危险 3 违法抽象行政行为与损害事实或致害危险之间的因果关系抽象行政行为侵权也应承担相应的法律后果即被撤销或被改变以及赔偿随后笔者选取了三个典型的案例对当前我国抽象行政行为行政相对方权利的现实状态进行了分析得出了其权利亟待有效保护的结论两项论抽象行政行为行政相对方的权利及其救济 II 内容旨在对当前我国抽象行政行为行政相对方的权利现状进行基本认识和判断分别从本质和现象两个层面构筑后文对抽象行政行政行为行政相对人权利救济制度分析的基础 第四部分抽象行政行为行政相对方权利救济在该部分笔者从我国现行抽象行政行为审查机制及其评价出发描述了当前抽象行政行为行政相对方权利救济的现实状况进而
5、提出了完善路径即权利救济的司法化主张健全和完善我国的抽象行政行为的司法审查制度提出将抽象行政行为逐步纳入行政诉讼受案范围等具体措施 关键词抽象行政行为行政相对方行政侵权权利救济司法审查 中南民族大学硕士学位论文 III ABSTRACT In the research of administrative law, the primary thing should be private party and its right in the administrative process. As the most basic element in the administrative law, “h
6、uman being” should be the starting point and the goal of all problems. However, this is usually neglected. The rights of private party in abstract administrative process plays an very important role in the whole system of the private party in the administrative process. Up to now, domestic research
7、on rights of private party in abstract administrative process is almost blank. On the other hand, the problem in fact has a close relationship with some fundamental jurisprudence theories, such as constitutional government. Therefore, the writer takes the rights of private party in abstract administ
8、rative act and its succor as the mainly contents to discuss, and try to make a systematic analysis on it. This article involves four fundamental aspects, namely 4 chapters. The first chapter mainly studies the basic concept of private party in abstract administrative process. It means generally citi
9、zen, legal person or other organizations opposite to administration corpus in abstract legal relationship, which possess right and undertake compulsory. Viewing from the object of administration act, the object pointed to by abstract administration act is opposite and extensive. private party in abs
10、tract administrative process are those people who with the same type right-obligation connection in some abstract legal relationship. The second part mainly analysis the basic theories of the rights of private party in abstract administrative act, such as theories basis, attribute and types. Theorie
11、s basis of right lies in the following three aspects: human rights and its development, development trend of constitutional government, development of administrative law. Rights of private party in abstract administrative process are origionally composed of two parts:one is the concretize and its de
12、rivation of constitutional primary rights in the field of administrative law; the other is right of supervision and right of request which derives from right of supervison. The author construct the system of the rights and make the allegation that it should include to legislation participation right
13、, right to knowright of litigationjudicial reviewing suggestion right, indemnity right etc. The third part discusses the appearance of the rights of private party in abstract administrative process and some infringement basic theories of the abstract administrative tort. In order to analyze private
14、partys realistic appearance, the author 论抽象行政行为行政相对方的权利及其救济 IV gives us three typical cases and then raises some valid protective measures that should be necessary. The writer deduces the general contents, main factors and legal responsibility of abstract administrative tort from the basic connotati
15、on of administrative tort. Two contents aims to get basic understanding and judges on present rightness condition of private party in our country, so we can get the basis of succor mechanism design from the phenomenon and essence respectively. The forth part concerns some issues about the succor. In
16、 this part, the writer gave evaluation on current Judicial review mechanism first, and then put forward perfect path through the analysis of realistic condition. The author claims to perfect our judicial review system, and put forward some concrete measure to reform current judicial system, for example, to take the abstract administrative act into litigation scope of administrative law and specialize the organization of Judicial review. Key words: Abstract administrative act Private pa
