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1、氮素形态对小麦花后不同器官内源激素含量的影响马宗斌1 王小纯2 何建国1 马新明1*( 1 河南农业大学农学院, 郑州 450002) (2 河南农业大学生命科学院, 郑州 450002)摘 要 采用盆栽方法, 研究了酰胺态氮、 铵态氮和硝态氮对小麦( Triticum aestivum) 花后根系、 旗叶和籽粒内源激素 IAA、 GA3、 ABA 和 ZR 含量的影响。结果表明, 小麦不同器官的内源激素含量对 3 种氮素形态的响应不同。氮素形态调节籽粒灌浆是通过根系、 旗叶和籽粒中内源激素的协同作用而实现的。酰胺态氮与硝态氮处理相比, 小麦花后 5 15 d, 旗叶 GA3含量、 籽粒 IA
2、A 和 ABA 含量较高, 籽粒灌浆速率(Grain_filling rate, GFR) 较高; 花后15 25 d,根系GA3含量、 旗叶 IAA 和 GA3含量、 籽粒 ABA 含量较高, 籽粒 IAA 含量较低, GFR 较低。铵态氮与硝态氮处理相比, 小麦花后 5 d, 籽粒 ZR 含量较高; 花后 15 d 前后, 籽粒 IAA、 ABA 含量较低, GFR 较低; 花后 20 25 d, 根系 ZR、GA3含量较低, 旗叶 IAA、 GA3含量较低, ABA 含量较高, 籽粒ABA、 GA3含量较低, IAA 含量较高, GFR 较高。铵态氮比硝态氮处理的小麦籽粒粒重显著增加。铵
3、态氮和酰胺态氮处理比硝态氮处理增产显著。建议在-豫麦 49. 施肥时, 使用铵态氮或酰胺态氮并配施硝化抑制剂。关键词 氮素形态 小麦 根系 旗叶 籽粒 内源激素含量EFFECTS OF NITROGEN FORMS ON ENDOGENOUS PLANT HORMONES CONTENT IN DIFFERENT ORGANS OF WHEAT AFTER ANTHESISMA Zong_Bin1 WANG Xiao_Chun2 HE Jian_Guo1and MA Xin_Ming1* ( 1 College of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural Univer
4、sity , Zhengzhou 450002, China) ( 2 College of Lif e Sciences, Henan Agricultural University , Zhengzhou 450002, China)Abstract Background and Aims Applying different forms of nitrogen is an important method to regulate nitrogen metabolism of wheat. Endogenous plant hormones play an important role i
5、n grain filling of wheat. The objectives of this study were to 1) elucidate the effects of nitrogen forms on endogenous hormones content in roots, flag leaves and grains of wheat after anthesis, and 2) find nitrogen application methods for the wheat cultivar -Yumai 49. . Methods Pot experiments util
6、izing a sandy loam soil and wheat cultivar . Yumai 49. were completed during 2003- 2005. Nitrogen formswere CONH4_N ( urea) , NH4_N( NH4HCO3) and NO3_N( NaNO3) , and nitrifica - tion inhibitor dicyandiamide ( DCD) was applied in CONH4_ N and NH4_N treatments. Spikes of wheat which flowered on same d
7、ay were marked and roots, flag leaves and grainswere sampled at fixed dates. Each sample weighed 0. 5 g FW and was stored at - 40 e . The enzyme_linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) method was used to determine the content of IAA, GA3, ABA and ZR. Key Results Compared with NO3_ N treatment, GA3conten
8、t in CONH4_ N treated flag leaves and IAA and ABA content in grains were higher 5- 15 days after anthesis, and the grain_filling rate ( GFR) was higher in this period. GA3content in CONH4_N treated roots, IAA and GA3content in flag leaves, and ABA content in grainswere higher, IAA content in grainsw
9、as lower 15- 25 days after anthesis, and the GFRwas lower in this period. Compared with NO3_ N treatment, ZR content in grains was higher 5 days after anthesis in all NH4_ N treatments. IAA and ABA content in grains was lower about 15 days after anthesis, and the GFR was lower in this period. ZR and
10、 GA3content in roots, IAA and GA3content in flag leaves, and ABA and GA3content in grains were lower, ABA content in flag leaves and IAA content in grainswere higher 15- 25 days after anthe - sis and the GFRwashigher in this period. Compared with NO3_N treatment, the grain weight of wheat was sig -
11、nificantly greater in NH4_ N treatment, and grain yield was increased significantly either in NH4_N or CONH4_ N treatments. Conclusions This study showed that endogenous hormones in wheat responded differently to nitrogen forms after anthesis. The GFR of wheat regulated by nitrogen forms was realize
12、d through the balance of endogenousX 收稿日期: 2006 -02 -17 接受日期: 2006 -05 -31基金项目: 教育部博士点基金( 20040466003) 和新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目( 200509)* 通讯作者 Author for correspondence E_mail: xinmingma371. net植物生态学报 2006, 30( 6)991 997 XJournal of Plant Ecology(formerly Acta Phytoecologica Sinica)hormones in roots, flag lea
13、ves and grains. We recommend that CONH4_N or NH4_N mixed with DCD be ap - plied to wheat cultivar -Yumai 49. . Key words Nitrogen forms, Wheat, Root, Flag leaf, Grain, Endogenous plant hormones content氮素形 态 ( Nitrogen form,NF ) 是调 控小 麦 ( Triticum aestivum) 氮素营养的一条重要途径。不同NF 处理, 影响小麦对氮素吸收( 戴廷波等, 2001)
14、 、 氮素利用效率( 马新明等, 2004) 以及植株内硝态氮、 铵态氮和酰胺态氮的含量( 曹翠玲和李生秀, 2003) ,植株内氮代谢关键酶( 王小纯等, 2005) 和保护酶( 曹翠玲等, 2003; Polesskaya et al. , 2004) 活性发生变 化, 光合特性也表现出差异( 肖凯等, 2000; 马新明等, 2003) , 进而调节小麦生长发育和产量品质形成。植物激素作为信息传递物质, 在小麦的生长发育过程中, 尤其是籽粒灌浆过程中, 有重要的调控作用( Davies, 1987; Brenner 柏新付等, 1989) , 结果表明, IAA、 GA3和 ABA 含量
15、与籽粒灌浆有关。Wang 和 Below ( 1996) 及 Chen 等( 1998) 发现, NH4_N、 NO3_N 及其混合氮素营养下, 小麦茎、 根中 CTK和 IAA 含量不同。小麦开花后是籽粒形成、 灌浆以及产量、 品质形成的关键时期, 不同NF 处理小麦花后内源激素的变化还鲜有报道。本试验在盆栽条件 下, 较系统地研究了 NF 对小麦花后根系、 旗叶和籽粒内源激素的影响, 旨在进一步揭示 NF 对小麦的生理效应, 并为合理的氮素运筹提供科学依据。1 材料和方法1. 1 试验处理与设计试验采用盆栽的方法, 于 2003 2005 年在河南农业大学科教园区进行。用土取自园区耕作层土
16、壤, 基础养分为: 有机质 0. 95 104mg#kg- 1, 全氮9. 52 102mg#kg- 1, 速效氮 71. 68 mg#kg- 1, 速效磷24. 34 mg#kg- 1, 速效钾 2. 27 102mg#kg- 1。装土前过筛, 每盆装土 20 kg ( 盆钵直径 30 cm, 深 40 cm) 。试验设3 个 NF 处理, 即酰胺态氮( 分析纯尿素) 、 铵态氮( 分析纯 NH4HCO3) 和硝态氮( 分析纯 NaNO3) 。完全随机区组排列, 重复 10 次。每盆分别施纯氮5. 1 g、 P2052. 9 g 和K2O 3. 3 g, P、 K 肥于播种期一次 性施入, N 肥按 6B4 的比例分别于播种和拔节期施入。酰胺态氮肥和铵态氮肥处理中加入硝化抑制剂( DCD) , 抑制铵态氮在试验过程中向硝态氮转化, 用量为总施氮量的 10%。施用的肥料和土壤在装盆前充分混匀, 装盆时上层覆盖 5 cm 未混肥土壤, 以尽量避免氮素挥发。供试品种为中筋小麦-豫麦 49. 。试验于 10月 15日统一播种, 每盆播种 14
