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1、国防科学技术大学硕士学位论文军用ATS可计量性关键技术研究姓名：汪静申请学位级别：硕士专业：仪器科学与技术指导教师：张玘2010-11国防科学技术大学研究生院硕士学位论文 第 i 页 摘 要 随着军事计量技术的不断发展，装备可计量性的研究开始受到人们的关注。装备可计量性是指装备各测量（测试）设备所具有的反映其量值准确、数据可靠和计量便利程度的一种设计特性。过去，由于我军没有把计量工作纳入全寿命周期，在装备设计论证阶段缺乏可计量性设计，造成装备在使用阶段可计量性差，难以保证量值准确性，影响了装备的可信性，进而影响装备整体效能的发挥。因此，装备可计量性是新时期军事计量的重要组成部分，必须加以重视。
2、 鉴于目前国内缺乏装备可计量性的理论研究，本文对装备可计量性的定义和内涵作了归纳和总结，探讨了可计量性与装备“五性”（可靠性、维修性、保障性、测试性、安全性）的关系，并将可计量性贯穿到装备全寿命周期，提出了装备可计量性工程的概念。 由于计量是针对测量（测试）设备而言的，目前自动测试系统（Automatic Test System，ATS）广泛应用于武器装备，并成为装备不可或缺的重要组成部分，本文研究了军用 ATS 可计量性关键技术， 提出了军用 ATS 可计量性的内涵以及提高可计量性的一种方法，并指出了定期校准和校准周期的确定是军用 ATS 可计量性的关键要素，对军用 ATS 的校准技术作了介
3、绍，分析了校准需要解决的关键技术包括内部溯源链、校准适配器、不确定度分析方法以及校准周期等。 军用 ATS 校准周期是影响可计量性的一个重要因素，本文引入了测量可靠性的概念，测量可靠性和时间的关系可以用威布尔和指数测量可靠性模型表示，当达到测量可靠性目标值时所对应的时间就是校准周期。由于军用 ATS 包括的参数众多，各参数之间相互影响，本文应用主成分分析法对这些多维参数进行去相关处理，将五维数据简化为一维，再利用测量可靠性模型确定了校准周期，通过数据结果分析，发现威布尔模型比指数模型更合理。 此外，本文还对军用 ATS 可计量性评价作了初步研究，针对军用 ATS 可计量性指标信息量较少，而灰色
4、系统理论适用于小样本、贫信息的情况，建立了基于灰统计原理的军用 ATS 可计量性评价指标体系，并运用灰统计原理进行了军用ATS 可计量性灰色综合评价。 主题词：可计量性 ATS 校准 校准周期 灰色综合评价 国防科学技术大学研究生院硕士学位论文 第 ii 页 ABSTRACT With the persistent development of military metrology technology, measurability has become an important factor of equipment. It is a design characteristic which
5、reflects the accuracy of value, the reliability of data and the convenience of metrology of measuring (test) equipment. Because the metrology work has not been incorporated in the Entire Life Cycle (ELC) of equipment, the credibility and combat effectiveness of equipment have been affected. Therefor
6、e, the measurability of equipment is an important part of military metrology which should be paid more attention to. There is not any research on the basic theory of measurability now, so the definition and connotation are summarized in this paper. The relationship of measurability and the five char
7、acteristics (reliability, maintenance, supportability, testability and safety) of equipment are discussed. The measurability engineering is advanced by putting it into the ELC of equipment. Because metrology aims at measuring (test) equipment, and ATS is widely applied and become an indispensable pa
8、rt of equipment. The key technologies of ATSs measurability are studied in this paper. The meanings and approaches to improve it are put forward. This paper points out that the crucial factors of military ATSs measurability is calibration and its interval. The calibration technology such as chain of
9、 traceability, calibration adapter, method for uncertainty analysis and calibration interval is also advanced. The calibration interval is another key factor of ATSs measurability. This paper brings forward the concept of measuring reliability. The correlation between time and measuring reliability
10、can be presented by Weibull and exponential models. The calibration interval is the time when the targeted value of measuring reliability is reached. There are many parameters which influence each other, so the Principle Component Analysis is used to remove the correlation and transform the five-dim
11、ensional into one-dimensional data in this paper. And then the calibration interval is determined by Weibull and exponential models. After comparing the results we find that the Weibull model is more reasonable than the exponential one. Besides, the evaluation for military ATSs measurability was pre
12、liminarily studied. In consideration of the lack of information for evaluation index and grey system theory applies to small-sample and insufficient information conditions, we established the index system of ATSs measurability and evaluate it according to the grey synthetic evaluation. Key Words： Me
13、asurability ATS Calibration Calibration interval Grey synthetic evaluation 国防科学技术大学研究生院硕士学位论文 第 V 页 图 目 录 图 1.1 美军测试设备的分类. 6 图 1.2 论文结构图. 10 图 2.1 影响装备效能的因素. 15 图 2.2 装备“五性”工程体系图. 17 图 2.3 装备全寿命周期的可计量性工程. 19 图 2.4 装备可计量性指标. 20 图 3.1 ATS 组成结构图. 25 图 3.2 下一代自动测试系统体系结构图. 28 图 3.3 军用 ATS 可计量性实现过程. 29 图 3.4 原位校准方法示意图. 31 图 3.5 溯源链示意图. 33 图 3.6 溯源链求解示意图.
