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1、Grammar: Infinitive不定式的句法功能 1. 作主语: 往往放在谓语动词之后, 用it作形式主语,为了避免句子头重脚轻 。 e.g.:To see is to believe. It is right to give up smoking. _ with him is a great pleasure. A. To talk B. Talk C. Talked D. To talking 本题考察动词不定式做主语的情况, 动词 不定式做主语, 谓语动词用单数形式, 其 他三项都不能用来做主语. 本句的意思是: 跟他聊天是件很快乐的事.2. 作宾语: 作宾语时如果还带有宾语补 足
2、语, 往往把不定式放在补足语之后,而用it作形式宾语。e.g.:He wanted to go. I find it interesting to study English. I didnt _ it until you had explained how. A. manage to do B. managed to do C. manage to have dong D. manage doing 本句的意思是: 直到你解释了如何去做我 才能做到成功。manage 后面用to do 形式作宾语。3. 做宾语补足语e.g.:He asked me to do the work with hi
3、m. 在feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch, have, let, make等词后的补足语中, 不定式不带to。 The government calls on us _ our production. A. increased B. increasing C. increase D. to increase 本句意思是: 政府号召我们增加生产。本 题考察动词不定式做宾语补足语, 通常用 语及物动词和一些动词短语之后。如: want sb to do, wish sb to do, ask sb to do.
4、不定式作宾语补足语省略to的情况有下列口诀：一感二听三让五看半帮助。但是 这些句子如果变成被动结构时, 就必须带 上to e.g.: I often hear him sing the song. He is often heard to sing the song. 4. 作定语I have some books for you to read. 当作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定 式动作的地点, 工具等时, 不定式后面必须有相应的介词。 e.g.： He is looking for a room to live in. 当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代
5、词是不定式动作的承受者时, 不定式 即可以用主动语态, 也可以用被动语态。但含义有所不同。试比较： Have you anything to send? 你有什么东西要（自己）寄吗？ Have you anything to be sent?你有什么东西要（我或别人）寄吗？At last, they found a house _. A. to leave his things with B. to leave his things in C. leaving his things in D. leaving his things 本句的意思是:最后他们终于找到了一间可以存放东西的屋子。当动词
6、不定式所修 饰的名词或代词是不定式的地点, 工具等 时,不定式后面应有必要的介词。5. 作状语, 表示目的, 原因, 结果或条件。e.g.:I came here to see you We were very excited to find nobody there. He hurried to the school to find nobody there. To look at him, you would like him.目的原因结果条件6. 作表语e.g.: My job is to help the patient. 注意：主, 表都是不定式, 前者为条件, 后者为目的或结果。T
7、o learn a language is to use it. My chief purpose is _ the difficulties of the matter. A. pointing out B. to be pointed C. pointed D. to point out 本句的意思是: 我的主要目的是指出问题的难处。考查动词不定式做表语的情况。 Point out 是“指出”的意思。 1. There are five pairs _, but Im at a loss which to buy. A. to be chosen B. to choose from C.
8、to choose D. for choosing Lets try some more exercises.2. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects 3. _ late in the afternoon. Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep 4. With a lot of pr
9、oblems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled 5. Her wish is _ a doctor. A. becoming B. become C. to become D. being come 1. 不定式的一般形式所表示的动作通 常与谓语的动作(状态)同时(或几乎 同时)发生, 或是在它之后发生。e.g.:I saw him go out. 不定式的时态和语态2. 如果谓语表示的动作发生时, 不定 式表示的动
10、作正在进行, 这时要用进行时。e.g.:I am very glad to be working with you. 3. 如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动 词之前, 就要用完成时。e.g.:Im sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 4. 当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不 定式所表示的动作的承受者时, 不定式一般要用被动形式。e.g.:He asked to be sent to work in the countryside. 1. Tom _ when they spoke ill of him. A. happened to be passed B.
11、happened to be passing by C. happened passing by D. happened to passed Have a try2. All the rooms in the house require _. A. being cleaned B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleaned 3. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _the film stars had left. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told 1. 不定
12、式在介词 but, except, besides, other than 后面时, 如果这些介词之前有行为动词do (非助动词)的各种形式时, 那么这些介词后面的不定式不带to,否定带to。e.g.: She could do nothing but cry. What do you like to do besides swim? I have no choice but to wait. There was nothing for me to do other than wait until the meeting was over. I had nothing to do but wa
13、tch TV. 2. 当句子的谓语动词是cant, cant help, cant choose 等结构时, but, except, besides后的不定式to 也省略。 E.g.:We cant but admire his bravery. We cant choose but wait.She is such a lovely girl that I cant help but love her.注意: but 作 “除了以外” 解时, 若前面部分有do, did, done时, but 之后接do sth. 反之, 后接to do sth. He can do nothing but wait. He wanted nothing but to play in the park. 1. Sandy could do nothing but _ to his teacher that he was wrong. A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit Lets try some exercises2. - How did you spend your weekend, Jone? - I didnt find anything interesting for me
