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1、高三英语总复习语法系列训练高三英语总复习语法系列训练名词性从句名词性从句一、引导名词性从句的连接词一、引导名词性从句的连接词在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 ( (Noun ClausesNoun Clauses）。）。 名名词从句的功能相当于名词词组词从句的功能相当于名词词组, , 它在复合句中能担任它在复合句中能担任主语主语、宾语宾语、表语表语、同位语同位语、介词宾语介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能， 名词从句又可分别称为名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和和同位语从
2、同位语从 句。句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词：that, whether, if (不充当从句的任何成分） 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 连接副词：when, where, how, why不可省略的连词： 1. 介词后的连词 2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。 That she was chosen made us very happy. We heard the news that our team had won.whether whether 与与 if if 均为均为 “ “是
3、否是否” ” 的意思。但在下列情况下，的意思。但在下列情况下，whether whether 不能不能 被被 if if 所取代：所取代： 1.whether 引导主语从句（包括从句在句首的位置）应当用whether ，不用if，如：Whether it is true remains a problem.Whether he will come, I am not sure. 2. 引导表语从句用whether，不用if，如：The question is whether you should accept it. 3. whether可以引导从句作介词的宾语，而if 则不能，如： Im n
4、ot interested in whether theyll go or not.It depends on whether we have got enough money. 4. whether可以直接跟动词不定式连用，而if 则不能，如：I didnt know whether to laugh or to cry.She hasnt decided whether to go or not. 5.引导同位语从句用whether，不用if，如：The question whether hell attend the meeting is essential.大部分连接词引导的主语从句都
5、可置于句末，用it充当形式主语 。It is not important who will go. 二、二、 名词性名词性that-that-从句从句1）由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。that只起连接 主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形 容词宾语，例如：主语：That he is still alive is sheer luck.宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.表语：The fact is that he
6、 has not been seen recently.同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job. 2）that-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例 如：It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. Its a pity that you should have to
7、 leave. a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句It is necessary that 有必要It is important that 重要的是It is obvious that 很明显 b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句It is believed that 人们相信It is known to all that 从所周知It has been decided that 已决定 c. It + be +名词+ that-从句It is common knowledge that 是常识It is a surprise that 令人惊奇的是It is
8、 a fact that 事实是d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句It appears that 似乎It happens that 碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起 用 it 作形式主语的that- 从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：三、名词性三、名词性whwh- -从句从句1）由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。wh-词包括who, whom, whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代 词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。wh-从句的语法功能除了 和that-从句
9、一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等， 例如： 主语：How the book will sell depends on its author. 直接宾语：In ones own home one can do what one likes. 间接宾语：The club will give whoever wins a prize. 表语：My question is who will take over the president. 宾语补足语：She will name him whatever she wants to. 同位语：I have no idea when he w
10、ill return. 形容词宾语：Im not sure why she refused their invitation. 介词宾语：That depends on where we shall go.2）wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语，而将wh-从句置于句 末，例如：It is not yet decided who will do that job. 四、四、if, whetherif, whether引导的名词从句引导的名词从句1 1）yes-noyes-no型疑问从句型疑问从句从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑 问转化而来的，因此也分别被
11、称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑 问从句，其功能和wh-从句的功能相同， 例如： 主语：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 宾语：Let us know whether/if you can finish the article before Friday. 表语：The point is whether we should lend him the money. 同位语：They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy. 形容词宾语： S
12、hes doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 介词宾语： I worry about whether he can pass the exams. 2 2）选择性疑问从句）选择性疑问从句 选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whetheror或whetheor not构成,如： Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. I dont care whether you like the plan or not. 五、否五、否 定定 转转 移移1) 将think, believe, sup
13、pose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语 从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句 的谓语动词用肯定式。I dont think I know you. 我想我并不认识你。I don t believe he will come. 我相信他不回来。 注意：若谓语动词为hope, 宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。I hope you werent ill. 我想你没有生病吧。 2) 将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。It doesnt seem that they know where to go.It doesnt appear
14、 that well have a sunny day tomorrow. 3) 有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的 否定。I dont remember having ever seen such a man. 我记得从未见过这样一个人。 (not否定动名词短语 having) 4) 有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。The ant is not gathering this for itself alone. (否定状语) 1.It now appears _ they are in need of help.A. that B. which C. wha
15、t D. how2.It is good news _ they will arrive in a few days.A. which B. what C. that D. how3.It _ Joe drives badly.A. thought that B. thinks thatC. is thought that D. is thought that4.It _ he is late for class.A. may that B. might thatC. may be that D. might be what5.This is _ she was born.A. where B. which C. that D. what6.The question is _ we cant go there t
