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1、太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 I全自动凝血因子分析仪控制部分的设计 摘 要 凝血的实质是呈水溶状的纤维蛋白原转变为水中不溶解的固态纤维蛋白的生化过程。这一过程是由一系列酶和辅因子催化的，这些酶和相关的辅因子统称为凝血因子。凝血因子分析仪就是用来检测人体血液中所含有凝血因子含量的仪器。研究发现，出血及血栓等多种疾病与人体中凝血因子的含量多少有着密切的联系。近年来随着国内人口老龄化程度日益严重，血栓患者随之急剧增多。凝血因子分析仪也就越来越受到医院、实验室及各检测机构的欢迎。 本论文在查阅大量中英文资料的基础上，首先介绍了凝血的医学定义、凝血因子检测的临床意义和国内外凝血仪的发展现状，指出了设计
2、全自动凝血因子分析仪的必要性。然后根据凝血因子检测的医学原理，阐述了几种常用的凝血分析检测方法以及它们各自的优缺点，并详细介绍了本设计所采用的检测方法和仪器整体的设计思路、框架结构。 在确定检测方法和整体设计思路的基础上，本论文结合单片机和TWI通讯、CAN通讯技术，设计了全自动凝血因子分析仪的控制部分。论文以Atmega64单片机为核心设计了仪器的控制模块，给出了详细的电路原理图与PCB图，编写了控制模块的全部程序，实现了控制模块的预定功能。 以ATmega168为主控芯片，L297和L298为驱动芯片设计了电机驱动模块，给出了详细电路原理图与PCB图，编写了驱动模块的全部程序，实现了太原理
3、工大学硕士研究生学位论文 II电机驱动模块的预定功能。 以ATmega168为主控芯片，设计了基于PT100铂电阻和电热丝的加热模块，给出了详细的电路原理图与PCB图，实现了将试剂和样品加热到37C的预定功能。 设计了电源模块和光耦模块， 给出了全部电路原理图和PCB图， 实现了各自的预定功能。 最后论文介绍了PCB图绘制时的注意事项及仪器调试方法， 总结了仪器设计中本人所做的具体工作，并指出了仪器需要改进的地方。经过自己单独调试以及和同组人员联合调试，验证了软硬件设计的合理性，实现了仪器预期的功能。 关键词：全自动凝血仪，单片机，TWI总线，CAN总线 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 III
4、THE DESIGN OF THE CONTROL PART OF AUTOMATIC BLOOD COAGULATION FACTOR ANALYZER ABSTRACT The substance of blood coagulation is a biochemical processes that soluble fibrinogen into solid insoluble fiber. This process catalysis by a series of enzymes and cofactors. These enzymes and cofactors all be cal
5、led coagulation factor. Coagulation factor analyzer is used to detect content of coagulation factor in humans blood. The results show that bleeding and thrombosis is closely related to content of coagulation factor in humans blood. In recent years, with the degree of internal growing aging populatio
6、n, more patients with thrombus increasing. Coagulation factor analyzers are more and more welcomed by hospitals, laboratories and the testing agencies. On the basis of checking a large number of Chinese and English information, this paper first introduced the medical definition of blood coagulation、
7、clinical significance of detection of coagulation factor and the development of domestic and international status of coagulation instrument.Pointed out the necessity of designing automatic coagulation factor analyzers. Then according to the medical definition of blood coagulation，Described the detec
8、tion of several common methods and their advantages and 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 IVdisadvantages，Described the design principles in detail and the overall design concept and framework of this design. Based on the design principles and design concept， combining MCU、 CAN communication technology and TWI commun
9、ication technology，The thesis designs the control part of the automatic coagulation factor analyzers. IN this thesis, the control module is designed as the core of a MCU of ATmega64. The detailed schematic circuit diagram and PCB are given, all procedures are compiled and the functions of the contro
10、l modules are actualized. The motor drive module is designed by Chosing ATmega168 as master chip, L297 and L298 as Driver chips. The detailed schematic circuit diagram and PCB are given, all procedures are compiled and the functions of the motor drive module are actualized. The heating module which
11、based on the PT100 platinum resistance and electric wire is designed by chosing ATmega168 as a master chip. The detailed schematic circuit diagram and PCB are given and the functions that Reagents and samples heated to 37 degrees are actualized. Power module and photocoupler Module are designed. The
12、 detailed schematic circuit diagram and PCB are given and the functions of the power module and photocoupler module are actualized. At last, the paper introduces precautions when the PCB board drawing and instrument debug method. The work which done by myself in designing the instrument is given and
13、 the places which needed to improve are pointed 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 Vout.Verify the reasonableness of software and hardware design through debugding by myself and others with the group. KEY WORDS: coagulation instrument, MCU, TWI bus, CAN bus 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 IX图表索引 图 1-1 透射比浊法示意图.6 图 2-1 测试平台功能区划分图.7 图 2-2 全自动凝血仪结构框图.9 图 2-3 摆臂单元实物图.11 图 2-4 进杯单元实物图.12 图 2-5 比色杯示意图.12 图 2-6 勾杯单元实物图.13 图 2-7 样品抽屉图.14 图 2-8 试剂抽屉图.14 图 3-1 仪器控制部分硬件框图.
