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1、太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 I 多泥沙河流饮用水水源地保护区划分研究 摘 要 当前水污染问题尤为严重，保护饮用水水源刻不容缓。建立水源保护区是有效保护集中式供水水源地，保障持续供水的有效手段。对于饮用水地表水源保护区划分方法以及划分范围的确定， 饮用水源保护区划分技术规范(HJ/T338-2007)仅仅是定性、定量地提出了分级、分块保护河流型水源地的划分方法，以及对保护区的划分范围和对保护区的沿岸两侧工农业污染源分布和支流汇入情况进行了原则性的说明。然而，要使水源水质真正得到保护，不能仅仅局限于此，应该将此规范中规定的基本模型根据实际河流进行细化,并选择适合所研究河流的划分方法进行计算。
2、本研究通过分析河流泥沙污染物系统中污染物主要物理化学及生物过程对水体污染物迁移的影响，基于污染物对流扩散方程，将河流的自然属性、泥沙对污染物吸附的影响进行合理概化，推导出描述溶解态污染物的源汇项，建立了多泥沙河流污染物的迁移模型。以该模型为基础，依据饮用水源保护区划分技术规范(HJ/T338-2007)，运用环境规划多目标函数的原理和方法，综合考虑社会、环境、经济因素，建立环境经济费用效果分析的目标函数，考虑水源保护区边界控制浓度、污染物转换关系等构建出多泥沙河流型水源地保护区的最优化划分模型。通过模型求解，得到保护区的水域范围与河流中典型污染物浓度之间的最佳关系。 结合 地表水环境质量标准(
3、GB3838 -2002)的水质标准，反推求得水源地保护区的水域范围边界。此外，通过对保护区陆域划分的分析，提出陆域范围划太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 II 分的方法。 研究表明： 多泥沙河流饮用水源地保护区划分时要重视泥沙对污染物迁移的影响；以污染物迁移理论为基础形成的相对简约的多泥沙河流污染物迁移模型更符合实际；以此模型为基础，运用最优化原理，考虑整个保护区区域环境经济发展和环境代价，建立的最优化保护区划分模型，有较好的优越性；通过实例的分析，对模型进行了验证，结果基本符合实际，体现出了较好的科学性和经济性。 本研究综合应用环境科学、水资源环境规划学、环境经济学，不仅夯实了理论基础，而且
4、所提出的方法具有很好的科学合理性和实际操作性。 关键词：关键词：多泥沙河流，污染物，饮用水水源地，迁移模型，保护区划分，最优化模型 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 III STUDY ON DELINEATION OF DRINKING WATER WELLHEAD PROTECTION ZONE IN SEDIMENT-LADEN RIVER ABSTRACT The current water pollution problem is particularly serious, so it is urgent to protect drinking water sources. The e
5、stablishment of effective of water source protection areas is centralized water supply sources to ensure an effective mean of continuous water supply. Regarding determining drinking water and ground water protection zones division and demarcation, HJ/T338-2007 was merely quota qualitative and quanti
6、tative classification of river-type water block piecemeal protect the land classification methods, and principled explain the demarcation of protected areas and coastal protected areas on both sides of the distribution of industrial and agricultural pollution sources and tributaries. However, it is
7、not just limited to this to truly protect the water quality, this specification should be provided for the basic model refinement based on actual rivers. Choose the suitable method of the division of river researched to calculate. This study was to analyze the river - sediment - the main pollutants
8、of pollutant system processes the physical chemical and biological contaminants and migration of water, based on pollutant transfers diffusion equations, the natural attributes of rivers and sediment pollutant adsorption are reasonable 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 IV generalized, describing the source of dissolv
9、ed contaminants is derived, a number of pollutants in the river sediment transport model is established .Based on the model, according to (HJ/T338-2007), using multi-objective function of environmental planning principles and methods, considering the social, environmental and economic factors, estab
10、lishing the economic costs of environmental effects analysis of the objective function, considering the boundary control of the concentration of water conservation and pollutant transformation relations to construct sediment-laden river water source protection areas classified model optimization. By
11、 solving the model, obtain the protectorate water scope and the rivers between the typical pollutant density best relations combination of GB3838 -2002 water quality standards, obtain inverse wellhead protection area boundary waters. In addition, divided by the analysis of terrestrial protected area
12、s, then methods of delineating land area were proposed. The study showed the impact of sediment on the transport of pollutants must be paid attention to when sediment-laden rivers and drinking water source protection zoning timeshare; it was more match with actual that multi-silt rivers pollutant tr
13、ansport model relatively brief which formatted by taking the pollutant transport theory as the foundation; then under the foundation of this model, we used the most optimized principle as well as considering the entire protectorate region environment economic development and the environment price, s
14、o optimized protectorate division model was established which has 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 V strong superiority; perfect scientific nature and the efficiency was manifested according to anglicizing actual example and confirmation models which result tallied with the reality basically. The research synthesize
15、d application environmental science, study of environmental water resources project and econology which was not only having rammed the rationale, but also the methods stated having strong scientific rationality and actual operation. KEY WORDS: sediment-laden River，pollutants， drinking water wellhead
16、，the transformation model，protection zone delineation, optimization model 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 1 第一章 选题背景 1.1 研究背景及意义 与人类生活息息相关的饮用水，目前在水质、水量及资源管理方面存在诸多问题。1999 年国家环保总局对各重点流域城市供水水源地的保护情况进行了调查， 调查结果显示，48的地表水源不达标；在 2006 年 12 月国家环保总局对各重点环保城市的监测结果显示，36.1饮用水不达标1；我国饮用水水源受到了较严重的污染，直接威胁供水安全，饮用水水源保护刻不容缓。 国务院提出，切实加强水污染防治，保障人民饮用水安全。对饮用水水源地开展深入的研究，采取科学合理的措施实施饮用水水源地的保护、合理而有效的划分保护区范围是一项行之有效的保护方法，水源地保护区是指国家为防止水源地污染、保护水源地环境质量而划定并要求加以特殊保护的一定面积的水域和陆域。 建立水源保护区是有效保护集中式供水水源地水质，保障持续供水的有效手段。然而，目前对于地表水饮用水源保护区划
