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1、I 分类号： 密级： 编号： 桂林理工大学 硕硕 士士 研研 究究 生生 学学 位位 论论 文文 （专（专 业业 学学 位）位） 高原冻土天然气水合物钻探泥浆的高原冻土天然气水合物钻探泥浆的 研制研制 The Research of Grout while Drilling in Frozen Plateau for Natural Gas Hydrate 学位类别学位类别 工程硕士 研研 究究 生生 宗俊秀 学学 号号 212011489 工程领域工程领域 地质工程 研究方向研究方向 材料的试验研究 导导 师师 牟春梅 职职 称称 副教授 企业导师企业导师 职职 称称 20132013 年年
2、 5 5 月月 30 30 日日 II The Research of Grout while Drilling in Frozen Plateau for Natural Gas Hydrate Major：Geological engineering Direction of Study：Experimental Study of The Material Graduate Student： Zong Junxiu Supervisor： Prof. Chunmei Mu College of Civil Engineering and Architecture Guilin Univer
3、sity of Technology April,2012 to April,2013 III IV 摘要 目前我国青海南缘冻土带成功钻获可燃冰实物样品，高原地区温度低，存在永冻土地层，这就对钻探过程中所使用的冲洗液提出了要求。本文的试验目的是为了将来在高原冻土层中钻取可燃冰而做的准备工作，要求泥浆正常工作的同时也要有足够的抗低温能力，本文同时对于天然气水合物的性质方面、高原冻土的特性方面以及不分散低固相泥浆冲洗液性能方面做了简要的介绍。 本文通过室内试验，在分析了天然气水合物的结构特点和存在环境以及高原冻土层特征的前提下，以理论指导为基础，研制出了一种低温不分散低固相泥浆冲洗液，实验步骤如下
4、： （1）根据需要选择适合用来配置泥浆冲洗液的添加剂种类，以及各组分的加量，确定一组初选配方； （2） 以初选配方为基础， 进行正交试验， 本次试验采用的是五因素四水平共 16 组，对其进行性能测试，选出一组性能最优的配方，其各组份加量分别是 2%的钠土、1% 的NH4-HPAN、0.08% 的 Na-CMC、0.03%的 PHP 和 20%的乙二醇； （3）根据不同组分加量改变后的性能变化，进一步验证了所用的添加剂的特性。 通过对低温泥浆的性能测试可以看出该配方达到了在低温-10的条件要求，并且在试验中可以达到在-12时，保持钻井液的正常工作；该泥浆属于不分散低固相泥浆，其固相含量低、密度小
5、，不影响钻速；而且测得的浆液流变参数低，剪切稀释作用好，所以清洗孔底的能力强；由于在泥浆中加入了高分子聚合物，所以有较强的护壁能力。因为失水量小，形成的泥皮薄而致密，可以保护孔壁稳定，同时，高分子聚合物对孔壁也有吸附胶结作用，对于油、气产层，失水量小可以减少对油、气的污染，对于配方中的各组分材料，都是常见的化学药品，价格低廉。 关键字：天然气水合物，高原冻土，泥浆，性能，低温 V Abstract Now reforcing tundra the Flammable ice physical samples was successed drilling in qinghai, one of c
6、itys of our country. However,plateau low temperature and the presence of permafrost strata set forth requirements for flushing fluid used in the drilling process. The purpose of this test is to do the preparatory work of drilling the combustible ice in plateau permafrost for future, not only require
7、s the normal work of the slurry but also have the cold resistance.This article has done a brief introduction of the characteristics on the nature of the gas hydrate, the frozen plateau soil and performance of the dispersed low solids slurry flushing fluid Basing on laboratory test, this paper has an
8、alyzed the structural characteristics of the natural gas hydrate and its presence of the environment as well as the characteristics of the permafrost layer in plateau. And based on theoretical guidance, a low-temperature washing fluid was developed experimental steps are as follows: (1) Based on the
9、 need of the additives types selected for using to configure the mud flushing fluid, and the the increase amount of each component, determine a set of primaries formulations; (2)Based on the primaries formula, orthogonal test was made. this test is used a total of 16 groups of five factors and four
10、levels to make performance test, then select a set of optimal performance formula that the respectively components plus are 2% of sodium soil, 1% of NH4-HPAN, 0.08% of Na-CMC, 0.03% of the PHP and 20% of ethylene glycol; (3) According to the change in performance after the change of the amount of di
11、fferent components add, furtherly validates the characteristics of the additive used. It can be seen that this formulation achieve the requirements of conditions of low temperature -10 C by the performance test of the low-temperature slurry. And the operation can maintain in normal level when the te
12、st is in the -12 C. The slurry that low solids content, small density, and does not affect the rate of drilling is not the Lower scattered solid one. And because of the low rheological parameters of this slurry measured and the good effect of its shear thinning, there is a great ability of clearing
13、the bottom of the hole; In addition, the polymers is added in the mud, there is a strong ability of mud protection. Because of low Water loss which can form a thin and compact mud, this slurry can protect the stability of the hole wall. in the meantime, polymers has an Adsorptive cementation to the
14、hole wall and can reduce the oil or gas pollution, as for the component materials of the slurry, they are common, inexpensive chemicals. Keywords: Natural Gas Hydrate， Frozen Plateau Soil， Slurry， Performance， Low-temperatureI 目 录 摘要 . IV Abstract . V 第 1 章 绪论 . 1 1.1 研究背景及研究意义 . 1 1.2 国内外天然气水合物的研究现状 .
