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1、 情态动词学习六要 素 一、注意情态动词的推测用法 推测性情态动词共有三个，其用法 见表 情态动词 含义 适用句型 适用句型 可能，或许 肯定句 Must 一定，必须 肯定句 Can/could 可能，或许 否定句，疑问 句 例1： -Are you coming to Jeffs party? -Im not sure. I _go to the concert instead.(NMET2000)A. mustB. wouldC. shouldD. might析：选D。Im not sure.的语境表明把 握性不大，当然我去参加音乐演奏会的 可能性就比较小了，故不用must应用 might
2、例 2： -_the news be true? No, it_be true. A. Can, cant B. May, cant C. May, may not D. Must, mustntu析： 选A。因为前半句是疑问句，后半 句为否定句，两空都不能使用 may/might 和must，应而用can和 cant。二、了解情态动词的完成式 用法 （一）should /ought to have done本 来应做而未做，表达遗憾感情色彩例1：I told Sally how to get there,but perhaps I _for her.(NMET94) A. had to wr
3、ite it out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out析： 选C。分析语境可知，口头上告知 Sally如何去那里是不够的，所以我 本应书面告知，却有没书面告知之 ，显得应使用should /ought to have written表示遗憾之情。例2： I was really anxious about you, you_home without a word.(NMET2001)A. mustnt leaveB. shouldnt have leftC. co
4、uldnt have leftD. neednt leave 析: 选B。由语境可知，我真的为你担心 ，所以你不应该一句话不说就离 开家，但实际上你确实这么做了 ，显然应填shouldnt/ought to have left，表示责备。 （二）may/might have done可 能已做 must have done 一定已做 cant have done不可能做例1：-Where is my pen?- I _it.(NMET88) A. might lose B. wouldnt have lostC. should have lost D. must have lost例2： Th
5、e light in his room is still on, so he _ to bed. A. mustnt have gone B. must have gone C. shouldnt have goneD. cant have gone析：选D。由于他房间里的灯还亮 着推测，他不可能已经上床睡觉 了，应填cant have gone 。（三）could have done指本 来能做而实际未做，表达遗 憾的感情色彩 You could at least have sent five cards.你至少可以 寄5张明信片的。四、熟悉情态动词委婉用法：could, would, mi
6、ght等情态 动词均有委婉用法，它们不是过去 式而是表示语气委婉、客气、礼貌 ，常用与疑问句，并多用于习惯表 达， 如would you please, would you mind, would you like to等，might还可以用于肯定 句表示推测，表示可能性小， might和could表示征求对方意见 时，回答必须还成may, can.例1：-Could I borrow your dictionary?Yes, of course you_. A. mightB. willC. canD. should析：选C。该句用can的委婉表达式 could 来征求对方意见，could
7、和 might通用，但回答时必须还成 can或may，因此该题不选A.例2：_you mind my smoking here? A. ShouldB CouldC. MightD. Would 析：选D。征求对方意见我是否在 这儿吸烟，语气理应委婉，所以 应选委婉的表达方式would you mind来征求对方意见 。五、弄清情态动词的异化现 象 有些情态用于疑问句进行回答时 ，出现了异化现象，此时回答在 某 个角度不能继续使用该情态动词 ， 而改用别的动词。 例1：-Must I start at once?No, you_. A. needntB. mustntC. cantD. won
8、t析：A。由语境可知该答句表示“不必 ”，而mustnt表示“不准、禁止” ，不符合语境，显然应使用 neednt表示“不必”，但肯定句回 答继续用must。例2：-Need I hand in my exercise book at once?Yes, you_. A. mustB. needC. canD. will析：选A。根据规定need用于一般疑 问句作肯定回答应换成must,而作 否定回答时，使用need的否定式 neednt。六、掌握征求意见情态动词的 回答不少情态动词可用于疑问句征求 对方意见，但人称上有时有特殊 要求，请看下表：情态动词 含义 征求意见使用 人称 can/co
9、uld 可以各种人称may/might 可以各种人称will/would 愿意第二人称shall 需要第一、第三人 称 must 必须各种人称need 需要各种人称例1：-_I tell John about it?-No, you neednt. I have toldhim already.(NMET94) A. ShallB. WillC. CanD. May析：选A。从回答句“No, you neednt”的语境可知，问句征求 对方意见，表示“需要”而且用语第 一人称，要使用shall。例2：_you please help me with my English?A. WouldB.
10、DoC. ShallD. Can 析：A。次句表示追求对方意见， 有“愿意 ”之意，而且又用于地 二人称，应选用would。1.A leftluggage office is a place where bags _be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.A.should B.can C.must D.will2.How _ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article?A.
11、can B.must C.need D.may3.The room is so dirty._ we clean it?-Of course.A.Will B.Shall C.Would D.DoBAB4.My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who _ have taken it?A.should B.must C.could D.would5.Is John coming by train?-He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car.A.must B.can C.need D.
12、may6.I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.-It _ true because there was little snow there.A.may not be B.wont beC.couldt be D.mustnt beCDC7.It has been announced that candidates _ remain in their seats until all the paper have been collected.A.can B.will C.may D.shall8.I hear youve g
13、ot a set of valuable Australian coins._ I have a look?-Yes, certainly.A.Do B.May C.Shall D.Should9.Oh, Im feeling well in the stomach, I _ so much fried chicken jusf now.A.shouldnt eat B.mustnt have eatenC.shouldnt have eaten D.mustnt eatDBC10.I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a wor
14、d.A.mustnt leave B.shouldnt have leftC.couldnt have left D.neednt leave11.You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentlemen _ be so rude to a lady.A.might B.need C.should D.would12.Write to me when you get home.-_.A.I must B.I should C.I will D.I canBCC13.Mr.Bush is on time for everything. How _it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?A.can B.should C.may D.must14.Are you coming to Jeffs party?-Im not sure. I _ go to the concert instead.A.must B.would C.should D.might15.My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _ your lecture.A.co
