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1、 情态动词学习六要 素 一、注意情态动词的推测用法 推测性情态动词共有三个,其用法 见表 情态动词 含义 适用句型 适用句型 可能,或许 肯定句 Must 一定,必须 肯定句 Can/could 可能,或许 否定句,疑问 句 例1: -Are you coming to Jeffs party? -Im not sure. I _go to the concert instead.(NMET2000)A. mustB. wouldC. shouldD. might析:选D。Im not sure.的语境表明把 握性不大,当然我去参加音乐演奏会的 可能性就比较小了,故不用must应用 might
2、例 2: -_the news be true? No, it_be true. A. Can, cant B. May, cant C. May, may not D. Must, mustntu析: 选A。因为前半句是疑问句,后半 句为否定句,两空都不能使用 may/might 和must,应而用can和 cant。二、了解情态动词的完成式 用法 (一)should /ought to have done本 来应做而未做,表达遗憾感情色彩例1:I told Sally how to get there,but perhaps I _for her.(NMET94) A. had to wr
3、ite it out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out析: 选C。分析语境可知,口头上告知 Sally如何去那里是不够的,所以我 本应书面告知,却有没书面告知之 ,显得应使用should /ought to have written表示遗憾之情。例2: I was really anxious about you, you_home without a word.(NMET2001)A. mustnt leaveB. shouldnt have leftC. co
4、uldnt have leftD. neednt leave 析: 选B。由语境可知,我真的为你担心 ,所以你不应该一句话不说就离 开家,但实际上你确实这么做了 ,显然应填shouldnt/ought to have left,表示责备。 (二)may/might have done可 能已做 must have done 一定已做 cant have done不可能做例1:-Where is my pen?- I _it.(NMET88) A. might lose B. wouldnt have lostC. should have lost D. must have lost例2: Th
5、e light in his room is still on, so he _ to bed. A. mustnt have gone B. must have gone C. shouldnt have goneD. cant have gone析:选D。由于他房间里的灯还亮 着推测,他不可能已经上床睡觉 了,应填cant have gone 。(三)could have done指本 来能做而实际未做,表达遗 憾的感情色彩 You could at least have sent five cards.你至少可以 寄5张明信片的。四、熟悉情态动词委婉用法:could, would, mi
6、ght等情态 动词均有委婉用法,它们不是过去 式而是表示语气委婉、客气、礼貌 ,常用与疑问句,并多用于习惯表 达, 如would you please, would you mind, would you like to等,might还可以用于肯定 句表示推测,表示可能性小, might和could表示征求对方意见 时,回答必须还成may, can.例1:-Could I borrow your dictionary?Yes, of course you_. A. mightB. willC. canD. should析:选C。该句用can的委婉表达式 could 来征求对方意见,could
7、和 might通用,但回答时必须还成 can或may,因此该题不选A.例2:_you mind my smoking here? A. ShouldB CouldC. MightD. Would 析:选D。征求对方意见我是否在 这儿吸烟,语气理应委婉,所以 应选委婉的表达方式would you mind来征求对方意见 。五、弄清情态动词的异化现 象 有些情态用于疑问句进行回答时 ,出现了异化现象,此时回答在 某 个角度不能继续使用该情态动词 , 而改用别的动词。 例1:-Must I start at once?No, you_. A. needntB. mustntC. cantD. won
8、t析:A。由语境可知该答句表示“不必 ”,而mustnt表示“不准、禁止” ,不符合语境,显然应使用 neednt表示“不必”,但肯定句回 答继续用must。例2:-Need I hand in my exercise book at once?Yes, you_. A. mustB. needC. canD. will析:选A。根据规定need用于一般疑 问句作肯定回答应换成must,而作 否定回答时,使用need的否定式 neednt。六、掌握征求意见情态动词的 回答不少情态动词可用于疑问句征求 对方意见,但人称上有时有特殊 要求,请看下表:情态动词 含义 征求意见使用 人称 can/co
9、uld 可以各种人称may/might 可以各种人称will/would 愿意第二人称shall 需要第一、第三人 称 must 必须各种人称need 需要各种人称例1:-_I tell John about it?-No, you neednt. I have toldhim already.(NMET94) A. ShallB. WillC. CanD. May析:选A。从回答句“No, you neednt”的语境可知,问句征求 对方意见,表示“需要”而且用语第 一人称,要使用shall。例2:_you please help me with my English?A. WouldB.
10、DoC. ShallD. Can 析:A。次句表示追求对方意见, 有“愿意 ”之意,而且又用于地 二人称,应选用would。1.A leftluggage office is a place where bags _be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.A.should B.can C.must D.will2.How _ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article?A.
11、can B.must C.need D.may3.The room is so dirty._ we clean it?-Of course.A.Will B.Shall C.Would D.DoBAB4.My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who _ have taken it?A.should B.must C.could D.would5.Is John coming by train?-He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car.A.must B.can C.need D.
12、may6.I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.-It _ true because there was little snow there.A.may not be B.wont beC.couldt be D.mustnt beCDC7.It has been announced that candidates _ remain in their seats until all the paper have been collected.A.can B.will C.may D.shall8.I hear youve g
13、ot a set of valuable Australian coins._ I have a look?-Yes, certainly.A.Do B.May C.Shall D.Should9.Oh, Im feeling well in the stomach, I _ so much fried chicken jusf now.A.shouldnt eat B.mustnt have eatenC.shouldnt have eaten D.mustnt eatDBC10.I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a wor
14、d.A.mustnt leave B.shouldnt have leftC.couldnt have left D.neednt leave11.You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentlemen _ be so rude to a lady.A.might B.need C.should D.would12.Write to me when you get home.-_.A.I must B.I should C.I will D.I canBCC13.Mr.Bush is on time for everything. How _it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?A.can B.should C.may D.must14.Are you coming to Jeffs party?-Im not sure. I _ go to the concert instead.A.must B.would C.should D.might15.My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _ your lecture.A.co