《英语词汇学 Unit_01 Introduction to lexicology》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语词汇学 Unit_01 Introduction to lexicology（39页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、English LexicologyIntroductionReferences1 林福炎. 现代英语词汇学M. 安徽教育出版社 ,1985 2 王文斌. 英语词汇文学M. 浙江教育出版社, 2001. 3 陆国强. 现代英语词汇M. 上海外语教育出版社, 1999. 4 秦秀白. 英语简史M . 湖南教育出版社，1983. 5 汪榕培. 英语词汇学研究M. 上海外语出版社, 2000. 6 汪榕培、卢晓娟. 英语词汇学教程M. 上海外语教 育出版社,1997. 7 张维友. 英语词汇学教程M. 华中师范大学出版 社, 1997.lexicology0 0. . INTRODUCTION IN
2、TRODUCTION uuWhat is lexicology?What is lexicology?uuWhat is a word?What is a word?uuWhat does it mean to know a word?What does it mean to know a word?uuHow many words are there in English?How many words are there in English?uuHow many of these words do I know?How many of these words do I know?Aimsn
3、Study: structures,meanings and meaning relations, nExamine: situation and its developmentnConsider: how to analyze and explain the problems related to wordsnOutline: learning strategieslexicology nGeek morphemes: Lexi- meaning- word, phrasen lexicos- having to do with words or for wordsn logos -note
4、s a department of knowledge.nvocabulary, lexis, lexicon ndictionary1. Introduction to English Lexicologyn1.1.1 What is a word?n n1.1.2 Lexis/ lexical item/ lexical 1.1.2 Lexis/ lexical item/ lexical unit/unit/n nlexicon lexiconn nLexeme/ lemmaLexeme/ lemman1.1.3 What is vocabulary?n1.1.4 What is lex
5、icology?n1.1.1A Definition of a WordnA word is a sound or combination of sounds forming a unit of the grammar or vocabulary of a language.( Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary of Current English :OALDCE)n A word is one or more sounds which can be spoken (together) to represent an idea, object, actio
6、n. (Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English :LDCE)a minimal free form of a language; a sound unity; a unit of meaning; a form that can function alone in a sentence. A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.Sound and Meaningtwo rival sch
7、ools of thought: the Naturalists (自然派)the Conventionalists ( 惯例派)wthe Naturalists (自然派)nmaintain that there is a natural connection between sound and meaningnan intrinsic correspondence between sound and sense.n in onomatopoeian talking by iconic signs to imitate the sounds 2）the Conventionalists (
8、惯例派)nRelations are conventional and arbitrary，no logical relationship between the sound and meaning.na kind of linguistic social contrast (一种社会契约） e.g. ndog, desk, chairn Not because the sound and three letters that make up the word automatically suggest the animal in question. It is only a symbolic
9、 connection.n the same phonological form may convey different meaning :e.g. meet, meat, meteKnight, nightnA word is a symbol that stands out for sth else in the world.nno logical relationship, different languages ,same concept , the same phonological form may convey different meaning : e.g.What is i
10、n a name? That which we call a rose. By any other name would smell as sweet （香气馥郁）。e.g. woman, femme, fn nthe same meaning have different phonological forms in different languagesndifferent languages same conceptnThe written form of a nature language is the orthographical record of the oral form.nSo
11、und should be consistent with the form.Classification of wordsnIn terms of origin, native words nIn terms of meaning and function, notional words nWhen we refer to an individual word, we may use vocabulary item, lexical item, or lexical unit; nLexicon can be a more technical version of lexis, someti
12、mes it is used synonymously with the word dictionary; nLexeme, like phoneme, morpheme, is realized by a set of concrete forms;nLemma, headword or entry word in dictionaries. 1.1.3 VocabularynVocabulary means the sum of all the words in the language. n词项-词词汇-词汇学nSpeaking vocabulary-active vocabularyn
13、writing vocabulary-active vocabularynreading vocabulary-passive vocabularynguess vocabulary-passive vocabulary1.1.3.1 Size of the English vocabularyna wide range: from 400,000 to 600,000 words ( Claiborne, 1983, p. 5)n a half million to over 2 million ( Crystal, 1988. p. 32)n about I million ( Nurnb
14、erg & Rosenbium, 1977, P. 11)n 200.000 words in common usen adding technical and scientific terms stretch the total into the millions ( Bryson, 1990). 1.1.3.2 How many words do native speakers know?nEnglish native-speaking university graduates will have a vocabulary size of about 20,000 word familie
15、s n English native speakers will add roughly 1.000 word families a year to their vocabulary size. nfive year old beginning school will have a vocabulary of around 4.000 to 5,000 word families.na 20-year-old university student having 20,000 word families. nA word family: is usually held to include the base word, all of its inflections, and its common derivatives. 1.1.3.3 The complex nature of vocabularytypes of word knowledge:n the meaning(s) of the wordnthe written form of the wordnthe spoken form of the wordnthe grammatical behavior of the wordnthe collocations of the wordnthe re
