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1、 简单句的六种基本结构n主语不及物动词n主语系动词表语n主语及物动词宾语n主语及物动词间接宾语直接 宾语n主语及物动词宾语宾语补足 语nThere be 主语句型例如This knife cuts well.She seems quite satisfied.Have you fixed my watch yet?He owed me 50 yuan. Xiao Li is helping me mend my bicycle.There stands an old tower in the east of the town.翻译下列句子n高考前同学们常常学习到深夜.n我等你等了很久了.n玻璃
2、很容易碎.n她听了这消息好象很平静.n他太累了,刚躺下就睡着了.n这家工厂没周生产一千辆小汽车.n请你把那本书递给我好吗?n我去找个人来帮你修理电脑.n我们感到我们的心在激烈的跳动.n有很多中国学生在国外留学.KeysnStudents often work deep into night before the entrance exam.nI have been waiting for you for a long time.nGlass breaks easily.nShe appeared quite calm at the news.nHe was so tired that he f
3、ell asleep the moment he went to bed.KeysnThis factory produces 1 ,000 cars a week.nWill you please pass me the book?nIll get someone to repair the computer.nWe could feel our hearts beating fast.nThere are many Chinese students studying abroad.简单句的种类n根据使用目的, 句子可分为:n陈述句n疑问句n祁使句n感叹句陈述句 要特别注意陈述句的否定结构1
4、.否定转移:主句谓语动词是think, expect, believe, suppose, guess, imagine 等表“认为, 猜想” 的动词时, 宾 语从句的否定习惯上前移到主句谓语上 . eg. I dont think I know you.She doesnt believe you are wrong. 注意: hope 不在此列. 误: I dont hope it will rain. 正: I hope it wont rain.notuntil 的句型 非强调句型: I dont know his name until yesterday. 强调句型: It was
5、not until yesterday that I knew his name. 倒装句: Not until yesterday did I know his name.有时对状语的否定也移到谓语上. 翻译: 我今天觉得不舒服. 误: Im feeling not well today. 正: Im not feeling well today.2. 含有否定意义的副词句中含有never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely 时, 应 视为否定句. I could hardly see anything. He rarely comes to
6、see me.有些句子在结构上属于肯定式, 但 含有否定意义的词nNone of us has been to Beijing.(否 定的主语)nI saw nothing in the darkness.(否 定的宾语)nHe begged the teacher not to punish him.(否定的宾补)nWe could find her nowhere.(否定 的状语)3. 部分否定nall, both,either, every, everybody, everyday, everywhere, always与not 连用 时, 表示部分否定.n表示全部否定要用no, nei
7、ther, none, nobody, nothing, never , nowhere 等词.n肯定: All the ants go out for food.n部分否定:Not all the ants go out for food.或: All the ants dont go out for food.n全部否定:None of the ants go out for food.或:Not any of the ants go out for food.4. 双重否定without与 not, no one, nobody, never, can not等否定词连用,意为 无 (没
8、有) 不 , 每必. No one can see the film without being moved to tears.人们看了这部 电影无不为之感动得流泪. They never meet without quarrelling.他们每次见面必要吵架.其他双重否定结构He is not unfit for his job.他不是不称 职. There is noboby here who is not a League member.这里人人都是团员. One cant learn a foreign language unless he studies hard.除非用功, 否 则
9、学不好外语. He couldnt help laughing.他禁不住 大笑起来.5. 强调肯定意义的否定结构n这些结构有cannot too (over, enough, more)nYou cannot be too careful.或You cannot be over careful. You cannot be careful enough.nWe cannot praise him too much.n-How are you today? - Couldnt be better. nI couldnt agree with you more.6.具有否定意义的肯定结构nHe i
10、s too young to go to school.nThe problem is far from being settled.nIt is the last thing I want to do.nSuch a problem is beyond (above) me.nI failed to understand the meaning of the sentence.nIt has been two months since I smoked.疑问句n一般疑问句n特殊疑问句n选择疑问句n反意疑问句特殊的反意疑问句结构1. One cant be too sure, _ _ ? 2.
11、 Tom seldom goes to the cinema, _ _? 3. The man is unfit for his job, _ _? 4. Everyone knows me, _ _ ? 5. No one was hurt in the accident, _ _ ? 6. I dont think he can speak Japanese, _ _ ? 7. You dont believe she will come, _ _ ? 8. What you need is more practice, _ _ ?1. One cant be too sure, can
12、one/he? 2. Tom seldom goes to the cinema, does he ? 3. The man is unfit for his job, isnt he ? 4. Everyone knows me, doesnt he /dont they ? 5. No one was hurt in the accident, were they ? 6. I dont think he can speak Japanese, can he ? 7. You dont believe she will come, do you ? 8. What you need is
13、more practice, isnt it? 9. You neednt do that when your mother is here, _ _ ? 10. He is a doctor but his wife is a teacher, _ _ ? 11. Please open the window, _ _ ? 12. Lets to for a walk, _ _ ? 13. Let us know if you can go with us, _ _ ? 14. Let me have another try, _ _ ? 15. Let me help you, _ _ ?
14、 16. I wish to go home , _ _ ?9. You neednt do that when your mother is here, need you ? 10. He is a doctor but his wife is a teacher, isnt she ? 11. Please open the window, will/would you ? 12. Lets go for a walk, shall we ? 13. Let us know if you can go with us, will you ? 14. Let me have another
15、try, will you ? 15. Let me help you, may I ? 16. I wish to go home , may I ?17. Your father must be a doctor,_ ?18. You must go home right now, _ ?19. You mustnt smoke here, _ ?20. You must have met her yesterday, _ ?21. You must have seen the film many times, _ ?17. Your father must be a doctor, isnt he ? 18. You must go home right now, neednt you ? 19. You mustnt smoke here, must you ? 20. You must have met her yesterday, didnt you ? 21. You must have seen the film many times,
