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1、虚拟语气虚拟语气( (之一）之一）概念与用法概念与用法n n英语中的语气：按照说话人的意图不同，分以下三英语中的语气：按照说话人的意图不同，分以下三 种：种：1 1 陈述语气陈述语气indicative moodindicative mood：陈述事实：陈述事实You are very careful.You are very careful.你很细心。你很细心。 2 2 祈使语气祈使语气imperative moodimperative mood：表请求、命令等：表请求、命令等Please be careful. Please be careful. 请细心点。请细心点。 3 3 虚拟语气虚
2、拟语气subjunctive moodsubjunctive mood：表示主观愿望或虚拟：表示主观愿望或虚拟 的假设的假设I wish you I wish you werewere more careful. more careful. 但愿你细心点。但愿你细心点。I wish she were more careful. I wish she were more careful.但愿她细心点但愿她细心点一一. .虚拟语气在某些从句中的形式与应用虚拟语气在某些从句中的形式与应用1 1 主语主语+ +动词动词 (order(order命令命令,suggest,suggest建议，建议， pr
3、oposepropose提议，提议，urgeurge强烈要求，强烈要求， require/request/recommend/adviserequire/request/recommend/advise推荐推荐/ /建建 议，议，desiredesire希望，希望，insistinsist坚持坚持) ) + +thatthat宾语从句宾语从句(should(should可省可省 + + 动词原形动词原形) )n n主语主语+ +动词动词+that+that宾语从句宾语从句( (shouldshould可省可省 + + 动词原形动词原形) )n nEg,Eg,n nHe He insistsin
4、sists (that) Mary (should) (that) Mary (should) dodo the the work. work. 他坚持要求他坚持要求MaryMary来做这工作。来做这工作。n nThe teacher The teacher required (required (that) everythat) every student (should) student (should) not leavenot leave for home for home until 9.15.until 9.15.老师要求每个学生老师要求每个学生9.159.15才能回家。才能回家。
5、suggest (sb) suggest (sb) doingdoing sth sth suggest + thatsuggest + that从句从句( (省略省略should +V.)should +V.)recommend sb (not) recommend sb (not) toto do sth do sth recommend +thatrecommend +that从句从句( (省略省略should +V.)should +V.)advise sb (not) advise sb (not) toto do sth do sth advise + thatadvise + t
6、hat从句从句( (不省略不省略should should +V.)+V.)建议某人做某事1. 1.He He recommendedrecommended that the secretary that the secretary (should) (should) finishfinish early on Friday. early on Friday. 2. 2.The boss The boss suggestedsuggested that the that the consultants (should) consultants (should) workwork from ho
7、me. from home. 3. 3.The human recourses Manager The human recourses Manager advisedadvised that the new staff that the new staff should should workwork shorter hours. shorter hours. 4. 4.Her mother Her mother advisedadvised that Mary that Mary shouldnt takeshouldnt take the underground on the underg
8、round on Sunday.Sunday.2 2 It is It is + +PP/adj( PP/adj(过去分词或形容詞过去分词或形容詞). ). (desired ,suggested, requested, ordered, (desired ,suggested, requested, ordered, proposed, proposed, 建议建议/ /命令命令/ /提议提议) )(important, vital, essential (important, vital, essential ，necessary, necessary, 重要的重要的/ /必要的必要的)
9、)+that +that 从句从句( (shouldshould可省可省 + +动词原形动词原形) )n nIt is+PP/adj+that It is+PP/adj+that从句从句( (shouldshould可省可省+ +动词原形动词原形) )n neg,eg,n nIt is importantIt is important that Mary (should) that Mary (should) dodo the work. the work. 重要的是重要的是MaryMary来做这工作。来做这工作。n nIt is requestedIt is requested that e
10、very student that every student (should) (should) not leavenot leave for home until 9.15. for home until 9.15.要求每个学生要求每个学生9.159.15才能回家。才能回家。3 3would rather would rather + +宾语从句（过去时）宾语从句（过去时） 宁愿宁愿-1)1)表示愿望、希望表示愿望、希望别人别人做某事做某事n nId rather you Id rather you wentwent home now. home now. 我宁愿你现在就回家。我宁愿你现在
11、就回家。n nMy wife could rather we My wife could rather we didnt seedidnt see each other each other any more. any more. 我妻子希望我们不要再见面了。我妻子希望我们不要再见面了。 * *2)2)注意：表示自己想做某事，应为：注意：表示自己想做某事，应为：would rather + would rather + V.V. n nI would rather I would rather staystay here. here. 我宁愿呆在这里。我宁愿呆在这里。4 4 its +(hig
12、h)+ time (that) + its +(high)+ time (that) +从句（过去时）从句（过去时）“ “该做某事的时间该做某事的时间” ”，表示必须，表示必须/ /应该去做应该去做n nIts time thatIts time that you you beganbegan to work. to work. 是你开始工作的时间了 是你开始工作的时间了( (你早该开始工作了）你早该开始工作了）n nChildren, Children, its high timeits high time you you wentwent to bed. to bed. 孩子们，该上床睡觉
13、了 孩子们，该上床睡觉了( (你们早该上床睡觉了）你们早该上床睡觉了）5 5Wish Wish+ +宾语从句宾语从句（表示假设或不可能实现的事表示假设或不可能实现的事 情）希望情）希望-1)1)与现在与现在/ /将来相反：将来相反：would/could + Vwould/could + V. .（be-werebe-were) )n nI I wishwish he he would(could) trywould(could) try again. again.我希望他能再试一次。（可惜他不可能再试）我希望他能再试一次。（可惜他不可能再试）n nI I wishwish I I werew
14、ere as strong as you. as strong as you. 希望我能和你一样的强壮。（但我不是你）希望我能和你一样的强壮。（但我不是你）2)2)与过去相反与过去相反: had + pp(: had + pp(过去分词）过去分词）过去完成时过去完成时n nShe She wishedwished she she hadnt beenhadnt been so careless. so careless. 她希望自己（在过去）没有这么粗心。她希望自己（在过去）没有这么粗心。n nI I wishedwished I I hadnt spenthadnt spent so muc
15、h money. so much money. 我希望没花这么多钱。我希望没花这么多钱。6 6 if only + if only + 从句（表示假设或不可能实现的事从句（表示假设或不可能实现的事 情）情） 要是要是 就好了就好了1)1)与现在与现在/ /将来相反：将来相反：V-V-过去式过去式 （be-werebe-were) )n nIf onlyIf only I I knewknew what he wanted. = what he wanted. =I wish I I wish I knewknew what he wanted. what he wanted.要是知道他想什么就
16、好了。（可惜不知道）要是知道他想什么就好了。（可惜不知道） 2)2)与过去相反与过去相反: had + pp(: had + pp(过去完成时过去完成时）n nIf onlyIf only you you had listenedhad listened to me. = to me. =I wished you I wished you had listenedhad listened to me. to me. 要是你听我的就好了。（可惜没听）要是你听我的就好了。（可惜没听）n nMost insurance agents would rather Most insurance agents would rather you _ anything about collec
