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1、 v1.表顺承、补充与递进1.表顺承、补充与递进:and; whats more; besides; moreover; furthermore; in addition; additionally; further （而且，况且）; similarly; also; either; too; whats worse; on the one hand.，on the other hand.； to make matters/things worse(使事情 更糟的是). 如：I dont want to go; besides, Im too tired.The rent is reasona
2、ble, and moreover, the location is perfect.v2.表转折2.表转折：but; however; yet; instead; on the contrary（相反地） ; nevertheless（然而）; otherwise; after all(毕竟). Eg: Its too hot to go for a walk, lets go swimming instead.v3.表因果v(1)引出原因3.表因果： (1)引出原因: for; as; since; now that; because; thanks/owing/due to; becau
3、se of; on account of; as a result/consequence of; in consequence of; result from（vt， 由引起）; Eg: We should be more careful, for it is already dark.Lets stay at home, for its raining hard outside.v(2)引出结果(2)引出结果: so; therefore; thus; hence; as a result/consequence; in consequence; consequently; account
4、 for（v，是的原 因）; result in（vt，导致）; lead to（vt， 导致）; bring about（vt，导致）; cause （vt，导致）; so that(以致); (so)that; (祈使句+)and/or/otherwise（+句子） Eg: These birds are very rare and therefore protected by law.v4.表让步4.表让步: although; though; while; even if/though; while; as倒装句；疑问词- ever; no matter +疑问词; despite;
5、in spite of; however; in any case; Eg: While I really dont like art, I find his work impressive.Fail as I did, I would never give up.v5.表目的5.表目的: in order to/that; so as to; for fear that; so that(以便); lest; in case（以防，以免）. Eg: He ran away lest he should be seen.She took an umbrella with her for fea
6、r (that) it might rain.v6.表条件6.表条件: if; unless; once(一旦,用于将来动作 ); so/as long as（只要）; suppose (that); supposing that; providing (that); provided (that) ; assuming (that) ; given that; on condition that（如果）; in case+句子; in case of+名词（万一）. Eg: Given that the patients have some disabilities, we will try
7、 to enable them to be as independent as possible.In case John comes, please tell him to wait.You may borrow the book, on condition that you do not lend it to anyone else.v7.表时间7.表时间: before; after; when; while; as; since; until; till; the week/year; by the time; as soon as;the moment/minute/instant/
8、second/time+句子; no soonerthan; hardly/scarcelywhen; on/upon+名词/动名词; ever since（从那时以来 ）; from then on; lately; recently; later; afterwards; Eg: Well leave the minute you are ready. I had hardly come home when it began to rain. = Hardly had I come home when it began to rain.v8表示特定的顺序关系8表示特定的顺序关系：to be
9、gin with; initially ; first of all; firstly; first; secondly; second; then; next; finally; in the end; eventually; last but not least； at last; Eg: And above all, remember to send us your new address.Firstly Ill mention the advantage, then Ill talk about the disadvantages.v9. 换一种方式表达v9. 换一种方式表达：in o
10、ther words; that is to say; to put it another way.v Eg: Lets go back to the original plan, that is to say, you go ahead by plane and well follow by car with the equipment.v Your performance in the exam didnt reach the required standard in other words, you failed.v10. 进行举例说明v10. 进行举例说明：for instance;
11、for example; like; for one thing.，for another. ; in particular； a good example (of.)would be. ； such as. vEg: Weve planted lots of different flowers, such as roses, carnations.v11. 用于陈述事实v11. 用于陈述事实：in fact; in reality; as a matter of fact; actually; to tell you the vtruth.vEg: She says its a good f
12、ilm. Actually, she hasnt seen it at all.v To tell you the truth, who will go to the meeting is not important.v12. 对一个话题进行总结v12. 对一个话题进行总结：on the whole; in short; all in all; in general; in brief；to sum up；in conclusion; in summary； to conclude ； in a word.vEg: On the whole, the area of desert in the
13、 world is growing every year.v In short, the film was the best Ive ever seen.2. 文章段落之间的逻辑关系主要 由过渡词来完成，在修辞中称为 启、承、转、合。“启”就是开头, “承”是承接，“转”是转折，“合” 是综合或总结。 （1）用于“启”的过渡词语 用于表示“启”的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落或文章的开头： v：first, first of all, at first, in the first place, firstly, to being with, to start with, recently,
14、now, at present, in recent years, in general, generally speaking, at present, lately, currently, vIt is often said that, vAs the proverb says, vIt goes without saying that, vIt is clear/obvious that, vMany people often ask （2）用于“承”的过渡词语 表示“承”的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落中的第一个扩展句中： vsecond, similarly, in additio
15、n, besides, then, furthermore, moreover, what is more, what is worse, for example, for instance, certainly, surely, obviously, in other words, especially, particularly, in particular, indeed, still, third, truly, in fact, at the same time, no doubt，vIt is true that,vEverybody knows that,vIt can be e
16、asily proved that,vNo one can deny thatvThe reason why is that ,vThere is no doubt that,vTo takefor an example (instance) ,vWe know that,vWhat is more serious is that（3）用于“转”的过渡词语 用于“转”的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落中的第二个扩展句中： vbut, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast, in any case, at any rate, nevertheless(虽然如此), otherwise, or, or el
