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1、活性炭、多孔陶瓷颗粒、硅藻土吸附去除水中氨氮的研究活性炭、多孔陶瓷颗粒、硅藻土吸附去除水中氨氮的研究摘摘 要要随着我国城市化和工业化进程的加快，人民生活水平的不断提高，我国用水需求 正在不断增大；同时我国经济的飞速发展和工业的不断发展，使得水资源保护压力越 来越大。水资源短缺和水体污染是目前我国环境保护中亟待解决的问题。 我国的水体污染主要是由于各种未经处理或只经过简单处理的含有有毒有害物质 的工业废水和生活污水排入天然水体造成的。水体污染主要分为水体富营养化、氨氮 污染以及重金属污染。 本论文中所使用的水样是实验室自配的氯化铵溶液模拟氨氮废水，采用纳氏试剂 光度法研究吸附剂活性炭、多孔陶瓷颗
2、粒和硅藻土对模拟氨氮废水的吸附效果。通过 实验研究吸附剂活性炭、多孔陶瓷颗粒和硅藻土吸附去除氨氮的影响因素，包括吸附 剂投加量、pH 值和接触时间等因素，在此基础上探究确定吸附剂最佳实验条件。同时 探寻吸附剂活性炭、多孔陶瓷颗粒和硅藻土的吸附机理和吸附等温线，进行动力学方 程的拟合。 实验结果表明，在温度为 293 K，氨氮浓度为 50 mg/L 的条件下，活性炭的最佳 投加比例为 2 g/50 mL，最佳反应时间为 1 h；多孔陶瓷颗粒的最佳投加比例为 9 g/50 mL，最佳吸附时间为 1.5 h；硅藻土的最佳投加比例为 4 g/50 mL，最佳吸附反应时间 为 1.5 h。在 pH 值对
3、吸附效果的影响实验中，酸性和碱性条件对吸附剂活性炭、多孔 陶瓷颗粒和硅藻土均有改性作用，氨氮去除率均高于中性条件。在各吸附剂的最佳实 验条件下，当溶液 pH=7.0 时，氨氮去除率分别为：65.46%、65.87%和 64.63%。关键词：关键词：活性炭，多孔陶瓷，硅藻土，吸附，氨氮ISTUDIES ON AMMONIA-NITROGEN REMOVAL FROM WATER WITH ACTIVATED CARBON AND POROUS CERAMIC PARTICLES AND DIATOMITEABSTERACTAlong with the speeding up of urbaniz
4、ation and industrialization and the continuous improvement of peoples living standards make the water demand in our country is increasing. At the same time, the rapid development of Chinas economic and industrial development, make water resources protection becoming more difficult. Water shortage an
5、d water pollution is a problem that should be solved in the environmental protection of our country. The water pollution in our country is mainly due to a variety of untreated or treated through simple industrial and domestic wastewater which contains toxic and hazardous substances discharged into n
6、atural water bodies. Water pollution is mainly divided into eutrophication, ammonia nitrogen pollution and heavy metal pollution. The water samples used in this paper was prepared by ammonium chloride solution in the laboratory. The residual ammonia content was measured by NesslerSreagent Spectropho
7、tometric. We study the factors of the adsorbents including activated carbon, porous ceramic particles and diatomite which include the adsorbent dosage, pH and contact time etc. And determine the optimum conditions of the adsorbents. On the other hand, we explore the mechanism of adsorption and fit a
8、dsorption isotherms of adsorbents and kinetic equations. The experimental results show that the optimal dosing proportion of activated carbon is 2 g/50 mL, and for porous ceramic particles is 9 g/50 mL and for diatomite is 4 g/50 mL under a temperature of 293 K and the conditions of ammonia concentr
9、ation of 50 mg / L. The optimum reaction time was 1 h for activated carbon, 1.5 h for porous ceramic particles and 1.5 h for diatomite, respectively. The experiments of the effect of pH on the adsorption show that the adsorbents such as activated carbon, porous ceramic particles and diatomite were m
10、odified by hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide. Therefor under the conditions of acid and alkali the ammonia removal efficiency was higher than neutral conditions. At pH = 7.0 and under the optimum conditions for each adsorbent, the ammonia removal were 65.46% for activated carbon, 65.87% for por
11、ous ceramic particles and 64.63% for diatomite, respectively. KEY WORDS: Activated Carbon, Porous Ceramic Particles, Diatomite, Adsorption, Ammonia-NitrogenII目目 录录摘要.I ABSTERACT.II 目录.III 第一章 绪论.1 1.1 我国水资源现状.1 1.1.1 水资源短缺.1 1.1.2 水体污染.1 （1）水体富营养化.2 （2）氨氮的污染.2 （3）重金属污染.3 1.2 污水脱氮技术研究现状.3 1.2.1 物理化学脱氮法.3 （1）吹脱 汽提.3 （2）化学沉淀法.4 （3）电解法.
