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1、ORACLE数据库基础 杨宝秋议程ORACLEORACLE简介简介1软件的安装与建库软件的安装与建库2体系结构体系结构3数据库接口数据库接口-SQL-SQL45常用维护操作常用维护操作议程ORACLEORACLE简介简介1软件的安装与建库软件的安装与建库2体系结构体系结构3数据库接口数据库接口-SQL-SQL45常用维护操作常用维护操作关于Oracle 是一家世界500强的公司,2010财富杂志的 排名为366位 有两个商标,一个是“Oracle”，另一个是“甲 骨文” 老板是劳伦斯埃里森 Oracle是一个关系型的数据库 Bob Miner、Ed Oates、Scott 名字为中报局投资的项
2、目代码 看两张图片左起 Ed Oates、Bruce Scott、 Bob Miner、Larry Ellison Oracle版本历史 1979年的夏季，RSI发布了Oracle第二版 1983年3月，RSI发布了Oracle第三版 1984年10月，Oracle发布了第4版产品 1985年，Oracle发布了5.0版 1988年，ORACLE发布了第6版,引入了行级锁 1992年6月，Oracle发布了第7版 1997年6月，Oracle第八版发布 1998年9月，Oracle公司正式发布Oracle 8i 2001年6月，Oracle发布了Oracle 9i，引入了RAC。 2003年9
3、月，Oracle发布了Oracle 10g 2007年7月11日，Oracle发布了Oracle 11gTasks of an DBA Evaluate the database server hardware. Install the Oracle software. Plan the database. Create and open the database Back up the database. Implement the database design. Recover from database failure. Monitor database performance.议程O
4、RACLEORACLE简介简介1软件的安装与建库软件的安装与建库体系结构体系结构3数据库接口数据库接口-SQL-SQL45常用维护操作常用维护操作2安装流程结束环境准备配置打补丁安装Oracle 软件建库准备工作 准备一台机器 准备Oracle安装介质+补丁http:/ edition/downloads/index.html补丁需要在metalink下，帐号及口令是收费的 准备installation guide文档 http:/ Requirements Hardware: 512 MB of physical random access memory (RAM) 1 GB of swap
5、 space (or twice the size of RAM) 400 MB of disk space in the temporary directory (/tmp or Temp)1.5 GB of disk space for the Oracle software 1.5 GB of disk space for the preconfigured database Operating system: See installation guideSetting Environment VariablesORACLE_BASE: The base of the Oracle di
6、rectory structure for OFA ORACLE_HOME: The directory containing the Oracle software ORACLE_SID: The initial instance name (ORCL by default) NLS_LANG: The language, territory and client character set settingsPreinstallation ChecksOracle Universal InstallerInventory and UNIX Group NameorainstRoot.sh#
7、sh /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh Creating the Oracle inventory pointer file (/etc/oraInst.loc) Changing groupname of /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory to oinstall.File LocationsInstall TypePrerequisite ChecksStarter DatabasePasswords and SummaryInstallation root.sh Creating an Oracle Databa
8、seDatabase Configuration AssistantCreating a DatabaseDatabase IdentificationManagement OptionsPasswords and StorageFile Locations and Backup RecoveryFile Location VariablesContent and Initialization ParametersDatabase StorageCreation Options and Create议程ORACLEORACLE简介简介1软件的安装与建库软件的安装与建库2体系结构体系结构数据库接
9、口数据库接口-SQL-SQL45常用维护操作常用维护操作3Password fileOracle体系架构Instance SGARedo Log BufferShared PoolData Dictionary CacheLibrary CacheDBWRSMONPMONCKPTLGWROthersUser processServer processPGAControl filesData files DatabaseDatabase Buffer CacheRedo Log filesJava PoolLarge PoolParameter fileArchived Log filesCon
10、trol FilesContain physical database structure information Multiplexed to protect against loss Required to start the instanceControl filesRedo Log FilesRecord changes to the database Multiplex to protect against lossRedo log bufferLog writer LGWRGroup 1Group 2Group 3Tablespaces and DatafilesTablespac
11、es consist of one or more data files Data files belong to only one tablespaceUSERS TablespaceData file 1Data file 2Segments, Extents, and BlocksSegments exist within a tablespace. Segments are made of a collection of extents. Extents are a collection of data blocks. Data blocks are mapped to OS bloc
12、ks.SegmentExtentsData blocksOS blocksOracle Memory StructuresJava PoolDatabase Buffer CacheRedo Log BufferShared PoolLarge PoolSGAStreams PoolServer Process 1PGAServer Process 2PGABack- ground ProcessPGAOracle ProcessesSystem Monitor SMONDatabase Writer DBWnCheck point CKPTLog Writer LGWRProcess Mon
13、itor PMONArchiver ARCnServer ProcessServer ProcessServer ProcessServer ProcessSystem Global Area SGABackground ProcessesConnecting to an InstanceUserServerServerUserClientUserServerOracle databaseServerApplication serverBrowser议程ORACLEORACLE简介简介1软件的安装与建库软件的安装与建库2体系结构体系结构3数据库接口数据库接口-SQL-SQL45常用维护操作常用
14、维护操作What Is SQL*Plus?Command-line tool Used interactively or in batch mode$sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Nov 25 15:13:36 2010 Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.SQL select * from dual;D - XWhat Is SQL? SQL provides statements for a variety of
15、tasks, including: Querying data Inserting, updating, and deleting rows in a table Creating, replacing, altering, and dropping objects Controlling access to the database and its objects SQL unifies all of the preceding tasks in one consistent language.使用 SQL There are several tools for interfacing with the database using SQL: Oracle SQL*Plus Pl/sql developer,Toad等图形化软件 Pro*c和Oci程序设计SQL Processing PhasesCloseOpenFetchBindParseExecuteSQL Processing: ParseParse phase: Searches for the statement in the shared pool Checks syntax Checks semantics and privileges Merges view definitions a
