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1、English Words from Latin the rest is made up of interjections, conjunctions, prepositions, suffixes, etc. These figures take no account of entries with senses for different parts of speech (such as noun and adjective).2Susan Ebbers 2005Yea, yea, so get to the point This suggests that there are, at t
2、he very least, a quarter of a million distinct English words, excluding inflections, and words from technical and regional vocabulary not covered by the OED, or words not yet added to the published dictionary, of which perhaps 20 per cent are no longer in current use. If distinct senses were counted
3、, the total would probably approach.3Susan Ebbers 2005Are you ready for this? three quarters of a million 750,000 Thatsalotawords! 4Susan Ebbers 2005Real world demands. Only 30% of 4th graders are proficient readers National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP 2007) 42 million adults in the US
4、are “functionally illiterate,“ meaning that cant read the front page of the newspaper. (NAEP 2007) Lack of vocabulary can be a crucial factor underlying the school failure of disadvantage students (Becker, 1977; Bielmiller, 1999). 5Susan Ebbers 2005 The average sixth grade student knows approximatel
5、y 25,000 words. The average high school graduate knows approximately 50,000 words. This means that average students learn roughly 2000-3,000 words a year (Graves, 2007). This translates to 8 words a day, 7 days a week, 52 weeks a year - including weekends or summers.Shrinking personal vocabularies6S
6、usan Ebbers 2005Some specifics on the importance of vocabulary Growing up in poverty can seriously restrict the vocabulary children learn before beginning school and make attaining an adequate vocabulary a very challenging task (Coyne, Simmons, Hart White, Graves, may also be referred to as a base w
7、ord inspector, thermal affix: meaningful part of a word attached before or after a root or base word to modify its meaning prefix: an affix which is placed before the stem of a word re-, un-, dis-suffix: an affix which is placed after the stem of a word - able, -ive, -ly derivation-a word formed fro
8、m an existing word, root, or affix: electric, electricity 11Susan Ebbers 200520 Most Frequent Prefixes in School Texts1. unable 2. reviewinedible (impotent, illegal, irresponsible)distrustenlighten (empower)nonsenseinside, implantovercomemisguidedsubmarineprefixinterruptforewarnderailtransfersuperso
9、nicsemicircleantitrustmidtermunderfedAnalysis: White, Sowell, and Yanagihara 198912Susan Ebbers 2005Prefixes: Meaning and ConnotationSomewhat Positivepro-co-bene-super-com-be-en-, em -ad-Often Negativedis-, de-non-sub-in-un-mis-mal-anti, contraa-13Susan Ebbers 2005Derivational SuffixesDerivational s
10、uffixes change the part of speech words ending with tion are often nouns words ending with ive are often adjectives words ending with ish are often adjectives words ending with ity are often nounsWhat about -ment, -ous, -ness?14Susan Ebbers 2005Greek Combining Formshydrographgeopyropolisneuroorthosc
11、opephotothermcratpsychchronphobepseudonymcryptheliologyspherethe, theo15Susan Ebbers 2005Counting in Greek and Latinmonounidibidu, duotritetraquadripentahexaseptoctnovedecadecicentmillipolymultisemihemi16Susan Ebbers 2005Developing content-specific, academic vocabulary depends on a basic understandi
12、ng of Greek and LatinSixty percent of the words in English texts are of Latin and Greek origin Bear et al., 1996; Henry, 199717Susan Ebbers 2005Content-Specific Greek TermsAnatomy and Medical Terms esophagus, thyroid, diagnosis, psoriasis, dyslexiaStudies and Sciences biology, seismology, morphology
13、, geochronometryAnimals and Plants arachnid, amphibian, chlorophyll, dinosaur, nectarTheatre and the Arts charisma, drama, chorus, muse, symphony, acoustics18Susan Ebbers 2005Look InsideLook Outside pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis1. Look inside the word for known word parts: prefixes,
14、roots or combining forms, suffixes.2. Use the analogy strategy“I dont know this word, but I know pneumonia and I know volcano, so by analogy, this word might have something to do with lungs and heat.”3. Look outside the word at context clues, visualsThe coal miners, coughing and wheezing, suffered f
15、rom pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis.19Susan Ebbers 2005So what exactly are we going to do here at Oltman Middle School? Learn to use context clues effectively Study and practice most common root words Study and practice most frequently used prefixes and suffixes Learn to use THEIVES as a reading strategy to use all the clues in the text to uncover word meaning. 20Susan Ebbers 2005So Ready? Set? Here we go! 21Susan Ebbers 2005
