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1、中考总复习系列之 宾语从句宾语从句2005.5一 . 定义简单的说 , 宾语 从句就是一个或是几 个从句充当主句中的 宾语成分。二 . 主要类型1） . 由连接代词或连接副词引导。连接代词或连接副词引导的从句只是在某些动词后 能用作宾语，这些动词有see , say , tell , ask ,answer ,know , decide , wonder , understand , discuss , show等等：e.g Do you know what he has said ?Can you tell me which class you are in ?Do you know wha
2、t kind of person she is ?Lets see how we can finish the hard work .Have you decided whom you would visit tomorrow ?Please show me where your passport is .Lucy still wondered why he couldnt pass the exam .2） . 由连词 whether 或 if 引导。（口语中常用 if ）e.g She asked me if she could borrow these books .Lily wante
3、d to know if / whether her grandma liked the handbag .注：1)中所列的动词后也常可用 whether , if 引导的 从句作宾语；e.g Im wondering if the letter is over - weight .I dont know whether this answer is right .另外，这种从句前面有时还可以另有宾语。e.g Please tell me which book I should read first .You may ask the man over there how you can get
4、 to the bus stop .Did she say anything about how the work was to be done ？3)由that引导。（ 在口语或非正式文体中常省略 ）e.g He knew ( that ) he should work hard .He said ( that ) he would like to see the Headmaster .注意：在某些句型中，特别是带复合宾语的句子中， that 引导的从句常常移到后面去，前面用一个 it 作形式 上的宾语。(但是，有时 it 也可以省略）e.g We all thought it a pit
5、y that she couldnt come .I took his word for it that he would try hisbest to help us .（他说他要想一切办法帮我们，我相 信他说的是真话。）I take it that we are to leave early .（我想我们 动身是会很早的。）三 . 宾语从句中应该注意的一些情况1.引导词由陈述句变来的宾语从句，用连词 that 等引导， 并且在口语中常常省略此词：e.g He said （ that ）he had a new dictionary .I know ( that ) Lucy can pla
6、y football very well .但是，如果 that 引导的是几个表示并列关系的宾 语从句时，最后一个 that 不能省略。e.g I know ( that ) Tom comes from France and that he teaches in a middle school in Guilin now .由一般疑问句转换而来的宾语从句，用 whether 或 if 引导，并且两词可以互用。但是 whether 可以和 or not 连用，而 if 不能。e.g I want to know whether ( if ) she still lives there .Ple
7、ase tell me whether you can come or not .由特殊疑问句变来的宾语从句，由特殊疑问词 who , whom , whose , which , when , where , why , how 等 引导 。e.g I dont know whose book it is .Do you know where our English teacher lives ?The teacher asked what was happening .He wanted to know why you can play the piano so well .2 . 语句的
8、顺序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是 运用陈述句的语序，即是“主语在前，谓语在后”的顺序。e.g Could you tell me how I can get to the Science Museum ?He asked him where he came from .Did you know whats the name of the handsome boy in the classroom yesterday？Please tell me where I can buy the beautiful flower .3 . 时态的变化. 当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作
9、限制，我们可以根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何一种时态。e.gTom has been to Guilin twice .she will come tomorrow .I hear ( that ) Jim went to work an hour ago .he is interested in English .当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。e.ghe would go to Xian .he was ill yesterday .He said ( that ) he was reading a book .he had
10、had supper already .当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客 观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍 是用一般现在时态。e.g He said that the sun is much bigger than the moon .The teacher told the students that no news is good news .We should know what he said is only the truth .I know that he is an exellent student .The PE teacher said that doin
11、g morning exercise is useful to our health .4 . 标点符号宾语从句末尾的标点符号由主句决定，不受从 句的限制。如果主句是陈述句或者是祈使句时用句 号；而主句是疑问句时，句末则用问号。e.g He asked me if / whether I could help him .Please tell me which colour you like best .Do you know where Li Ping is ?Could you tell me how to go the No.28 Middle School ?Would you ple
12、ase tell the teacher how old you are ?5 . 宾语从句的否定形式一般而言，宾语从句的否定式与一般句子的否 定式是一样的。但若主句谓语动词是 think , expect , believe , guess , imagine , suppose 等表示“认为，猜想”的词时，一般要把宾语从句 中的否定式转移到主句中。e.g I dont think its going to rain .I dont believe she will lend you the money . 但是，如果主句中的谓语动词是 hope ，则不 适用于这种规则。e.g I hope
13、 he wont come .6 . 宾语从句中的特殊情形在把简单句变为复合句的练习中，千万要注意：句式的转变：若原句是祈使句，不能用宾语从 句改写，而应该用 “ ask sb. to do sth. ” 的句式。e.g Dont open the door . （用 they 作主语变 为宾语从句）They ask not to open the door . 代词的变化：如果将某人的原话变为宾语从句 时，我们就应该考虑代词的变化。e.g “ I come from Canada ” , Lucy says . Lucy says that she comes from Canada .若由
14、一般疑问句或特殊疑问句变为宾语从句， 应该用陈述句语序。具体如下：当助动词是 does 或 did 时，要去掉助动词，并把动词恢复为第三人称单 数形式或过去式；当是其它的助动词时，则要把这些 助动词放在主语的后面。e.g I asked Tom , “ What do you like best ? ”I asked Tom what he liked best .The teacher asked me : “ Have you read the book ? ”The teacher asked me if I have read the book .He asked , “ Who ca
15、n carry the box ? ”He asked who could carry the box .五 . 专项练习1、Do you know how much hot water?AMum is neededBdoes Mum needCMum needsDdid Mum need2、Can you tell me?Awhere he is Bwhere is he Che is whereDwhat is he3、I didnt know how to London?Awould they goBare they goingCthey would goDthey are going4
16、、I want to know how long Ahas he been backBhas he come backChe has been backDhe has come back5、Do you know?Awhat the news areBwhat is the newsCwhat the news is Dwhat are the news6.- is true that she may fall behind the others.A.There B.This C.That D.It7.The foreign friends think - the Chinese people are very friendly.A.that B.if
