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1、Chapter Three Writing for English Scientific JournalsIntroduction and a Few Common ErrorsSuggested Class StructureIII. Improving the Clarity and Comprehension of Paperse.g. how to organize your Introduction or DiscussionI. Common Errorse.g. misuse of certain wordsII. Improving the Clarity of Sentenc
2、es and Paragraphse.g. how to organize the different parts of a sentenceI. Common Errorse.g. misuse of certain wordsCommon Errors: 1. Misusing “e.g./ i.e./ etc.”“e.g.” and “i.e.” should not be used within sentences. Asa question of style, they should always be put in parentheses: (e.g. mice, horses,
3、and cows) (i.e. dogs and cats) Please do not use “etc.” It is no longer as accepted as beforeRemember: e.g. means “for example” i.e. means “that is”In fact, web services are a suite of standards such as Web service Description Language (WSDL), Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP), Universal Descript
4、ion, Discovery and ntegration (UDDI), etc., which define how applications interoperate through the web.Common Errors: 1. Misusing “e.g./ i.e./ etc.”The principal food crops are wheat, corn and rice, etc., and the economic crops are soybean, cotton and peanut.Owing to the hypothesis of conditional in
5、dependent in Bayesian Network, i.e. given A with the assumption that B and C is independent, then ()Common Errors: 1. Misusing “e.g./ i.e./ etc.”In our approach, the prior knowledge to be incorporated into inversion can be extracted from database through introducing other parameters, e.g. the inform
6、ation about crop growth stages.Owing to the hypothesis of conditional independent in Bayesian Network (i.e. given A with the assumption that B and C is independent) then ()Common Errors: 1. Misusing “e.g./ i.e./ etc.”In our approach, the prior knowledge to be incorporated into inversion can be extra
7、cted from database through introducing other parameters (e.g. the information about crop growth stages) .The inversion process is often ill-posed, i.e. its solution cant meet the criteria of well-posed problem whose solution must be existent, unique and stable.Common Errors: 1. Misusing “e.g./ i.e./
8、 etc.”The inversion process is often ill-posed, that is, its solution cant meet the criteria of well-posed problem whose solution must be existent, unique and stable.Common Errors: 2. Inappropriate enumerationsA Geographic Information System (GIS) is a combination of elements designed to provide sto
9、rage, retrieval, analysis, visualization, and mapping capabilities for spatial information data such as road networks, power transmission networks, and land use information data.Try to list at most THREE or FOUR items. Anything more becomes confusing.A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a combin
10、ation of elements designed to provide storage, retrieval, and analysis capabilities. GIS also provides mapping capabilities for spatial information data, such as road networks, power transmission networks, and land use information data.Common Errors: 2. Inappropriate enumerationsA Geographic Informa
11、tion System (GIS) is a combination of elements designed to provide storage, retrieval, and analysis capabilities. GIS also provides mapping capabilities for spatial information data (e.g. road networks, power transmission networks, and land use information data).If you wish to list something after a
12、 colon (:), remember that the sentence preceding the colon must be complete.Common Errors: 2. Inappropriate enumerationsNASA USGS provides the data product, global MODIS land cover/change, which is image data based on the following seven attributes (Friedl et al., 2000a; Strahler et al., 1999): () I
13、n total, 12 land cover classes were identified: ()If you wish to list something after a colon (:), remember that the sentence preceding the colon must be complete.Also, if the items you are going to list are long, separate them using a semi-colon (;).If you wish to list something after a colon (:),
14、remember that the sentence preceding the colon must be complete.Also, if the items you are going to list are long, separate them using a semi-colon (;).Common Errors: 2. Inappropriate enumerationsIn total, 12 land cover classes were identified: three kinds of croplands that correspond to the three m
15、ain cropping systems in the North China Plain; four kinds of forests; two kinds of grassland; ()Common Errors: 3. Confusing punctuationUnless you are using the semi-colon to separate items in a list, please do not use them to connect sentences. For simplicity, use separate sentences.Commas are criti
16、cal to the comprehension of a sentence!Eats, shoots, and leavesEats, shoots and leavesEats shoots, and leavesWhen the birds arrived at the house in the evening the foxes who knew they were coming quickly went to hide in the bushes which were along the road.Common Errors: 3. Confusing punctuationWhen the birds arrived at the house, in the evening, the foxes, who knew, quickly went to hide in the bushes, which were along the road.When the
