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1、1Unit 1 Ways of Learning1. Education in the West Much of the current debate over education surrounds the extent to which learning should be teacher-based or student-based. Which of the two should decide what should be learned, how it should be learned, and when it should be learned? Comparing Wester
2、n and Asian methods of learning it is generally true that Western methods are more student-centered, expecting students to discover things for themselves rather than relying on their teachers to tell them. An extreme version of the student-centered approach can be seen at Summerhill, a school in Eng
3、land established by the educationalist A. S. Neill. There children have complete freedom to decide what they are going to learn and which lessons they will attend. If they wish they need not attend any at all. Mainstream education in England is far more strict, demanding that children attend lessons
4、 and follow a national curriculum. This curriculum and the importance of achieving good exam results tend to reinforce a more teacher-centered approach, as both teachers and students find the pressure of time leaves less opportunity for an exploratory approach to learning. Part Division of the Text
5、Parts Para(s). Main Ideas115The text begins with an anecdote.2613The authors thoughts are mainly about different approaches to learning in China and the West.314The author winds up the text with a suggestion in the form of a question.Detailed Reading . Difficult Sentences1. (LL. 100102) Can we gathe
6、r, from the Chinese and American extremes, a superior way to approach education, perhaps striking a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills? 1. Translate the sentence into Chinese.(=我们能否从中美两个极端中寻求一种更好的教育方式，它或许能在创造力与基本技能这两极 之间获得某种较好的平衡?) 2. Do you think that we can find a bett
7、er way to approach education, which strikes a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills?. Words and Expressions1. (L. 25) on occasion: now and then* It has, on occasion, created trouble for the bank. 你有时使人们感到诧异。(=You have on occasion surprised people.) CF: on occasion eventuall
8、y * Be patient. Youll get your promotion in due course.(声音文件 in due course) (=Your book will be published in due course.)8. (L. 48) critical: adj. 1) very important * A second income is critical to the familys well-being.接下来的两个礼拜对于公司来说是至关重要的。 (=The next two weeks will be critical for the company.) C
9、ollocation :a critical decision 重大的决定 critical moment 紧要关头，关键时刻2) very serious or dangerous 严重短缺食物 (=a critical shortage of food) Collocation:critical condition 危险状态 a critical illness 重病9. (L. 50) principal adj. main; chief * the principal food of the people of India * the principal rivers of Europ
10、e CF: principal look after (animals) *rear children饲养家禽 (=rear poultry)2. n. back part 后部；背面 * The kitchen is in the rear of the house. 停车场在这建筑物的后边。 (= The parking lot is at the rear of the building.)11. (L. 52) make up for: repay with sth. good; compensate for * I didnt travel much when I was young
11、er, but Im certainly making up for lost time now.他们加速进行以补回失去的时间。 (=They hurried on to make up for lost time.)12. (L.59) in retrospect: on evaluating the past; upon reflection * There are some things that you only become totally conscious of in retrospect.5(=In retrospect, what I have done is clearly
12、 absurd.)13. (L.64) facility: n.1) ability to do sth. easily and well * play the piano with facility有学习语言的天才 (= have great facility in learning languages)2) (pl.) equipment, aids, etc. which make it easy to do things *sports facilities *There are facilities for cooking in the kitchen. 娱乐设施 (= entert
13、ainment facilities)14. (L. 71) apply: vi.1) be relevant; have an effect Pattern: apply to sb./sth. *What I have said does not apply to you.教授的这条建议只适用于一些大学生。 (=The advice given by the professor only applies to some of the college students.)2) write a letter or fill in a form in order to ask formally
14、for sth. Pattern: apply (to sb.) for sth.apply to do sth. *We applied to the authorities for assistance.他决定申请参加学生会。 (=He decided to apply to join the Student Union.)15. (L. 85) contrast: 1. v. compare (two people or things) so that differences are made clear Pattern: contrast A with/and B * In her s
15、peech she contrasted the governments optimistic promises with its dismal achievements.我忍不住把她的态度和她朋友的态度作了对比。 (= I cannot help contrasting her attitude with that of her friends.)Collocation: contrast sharply/strikingly 形成鲜明的对比contrast startlingly/strongly 形成惊人的/强烈的对比2. n. difference between things com
16、pared *The atmosphere of the Second World War in London was a complete contrast to that of the First. *There is a marked contrast between the groups actions and its principles.Collocation: constitute/form a sharp contrast to 与形成鲜明的对照 intensify/sharpen the contrast 加强对比6reveal/show a contrast 显示出差别16(L. 87) harbor: 1. vt. keep (sth.) secretly in ones mind * He might be harboring a death wish. * harbor thoughts of revenge 2.
