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1、上海交通大学硕士学位论文上海乡村聚落景观的调查分析与评价研究姓名：杨知洁申请学位级别：硕士专业：园林植物与观赏园艺指导教师：车生泉20090101上海交通大学硕士学位论文摘要上海乡村聚落景观的调查分析与评价研究0要 新农村建设是我国政府近年来提出的重要国策，如何建设有文化底 蕴、地方特色和生态健康的可持续人居环境是目前研究的重要方向。同 时研究农村景观生态格局不仅对城市的生态发展以及城乡一体化模式有 着深刻的借鉴和指导意义，而且对农村自身的可持续发展以及人与自然 和谐相处也有着举足轻重的作用。本文以上海各郊区包括青浦，南汇，奉贤，松江，崇明等地十几个 典型的乡村聚落为研究对象，运用社会学，地理
2、学，景观生态学，城市 规划学等相关理论和方法，对上海乡村的聚落景观要素，乡村景观建设 的发展现状进行了实地调查、研究与评价分析。主要的研究内容如下：1. 以上海郊区乡村为研究样本，运用近期的卫星遥感地图(分辨率 2m)和当地的 1：5000 地形图，对郊区的乡村聚落景观类型进行大致分类和 信息提取。本文根据上海乡村的区位，水文地貌，聚落分布结构形态方 面判别乡村景观空间格局特征，将其分为水塘散布型，规则水渠型，河 网密布型，和湖泊湿地型四种类型。同时搜集上海郊县乡村聚落的历史文化资料，选取历史悠久，文化 突出的村镇作为典型村落，再次结合上海市政府关于新农村建设试点地- I -上海交通大学硕士学
3、位论文摘要区，最终确定以崇明前卫村，三星村，书院镇中久村，奉贤庄行老街，韩家宅村，惠南镇秀南村及青浦淀山湖沿岸带淀山湖一村，三塘村北村，东西村，金泽古镇，雪米村，淀西村和蔡浜村，共 13 个村落作为本次上海乡村聚落景观的研究对象。2. 通过大量文献资料的阅读，综合运用实地调研测绘法，问卷调查 法和专家咨询的方法，对乡村景观的形成、演变，文化特征，人文内涵， 当地乡土景观特征元素等进行辨识和描述，并以聚落为研究核心，从聚 落与水系的形态结构，聚落内部的建筑，道路和空间场所的景观构成及 其聚落周边的绿化环境三方面对上海乡村聚落景观进行分析和研究。 运用景观生态学的原理，通过对比归类，从聚落与水系的
4、位置格局角 度，将上海乡村景观分成聚落沿水型，聚落散布型，聚落远水型，水系 围合型和湖泊边缘型五种类型，并分类讨论。 其次通过对聚落内部的各建筑、道路和空间场所的景观元素进行研 究。主要对上海乡村聚落内的建筑样式，结构分布，道路的景观性，指 示性和公共空间的场所特点等进行分析研究。 对聚落周边的绿化环境，主要从入口绿化，聚落中心绿化，庭院绿化， 水边绿化及农田绿化等方面进行分类研究。 3. 在对上海乡村聚落景观现状的研究分析的基础上，建立上海乡村 聚落景观综合评价体系。从反映乡村聚落景观的聚落格局，建筑特色， 空间形态，自然环境，历史年代和文化特色 6 个方面构建指标因子集。 0II - 上海
5、交通大学硕士学位论文摘要其次综合运用 AHP 层次分析法和专家打分法，构造判断矩阵，确定各个指标因子的权重。最后通过参照国家及行业标准和结合专家意见，运用加权平均数法对指标进行赋值评价，从而达到定性和定量相结合的方式对上海乡村聚落景观进行综合分析。4. 最后根据评价结果，对目前上海乡村聚落景观进行分类，针对目 前存在的问题进行分析，给出意见。本文希望通过对乡村聚落景观全面 整体地分析和科学合理的评价，对上海乡村聚落景观的景观特色和现状 问题有清晰的阐述和深刻的认识，为今后的新农村建设和城乡规划提供 借鉴和依据。关键词：乡村聚落，景观生态，景观评价，层次分析法，上海- III -上海交通大学硕士
6、学位论文ABSTRACTRESEARCH AND EVALUATIONOF RURAL SETTLEMENTS LANDSCAPEIN SHANGHAIABSTRACTNew rural construction is a newly brought forth important policy by the government. How to build the rural areas into sustainable development places with cultural deposits, obvious local characteristics, and healthy
7、ecology is an important research field at present. Meanwhile, the study on the patterns of the rural landscape ecology not only can be referred by the city ecology development and the city-village all-in-one project, but also has in-depth meaning to the rural areas own sustainable development as wel
8、l as the harmonious co-existence between man and nature.This thesis, with some of typical rural settlements in the suburban skirts of Shanghai , including Qingpu, Nanhui, Fengxian, Songjiang, Chongming, as its targets, related theory and methods in Sociology, Geography,- IV -上海交通大学硕士学位论文ABSTRACTLand
9、scape Ecology, Urban Planology were used to field survey, research, evaluate and analyze the settlements landscape constituents and the current investment and development situation in the countryside of Shanghai. The main content is as follows:1. With the villages in the outskirts of Shanghai as the
10、 study samples, using the latest remote sensing satellite map (resolution 2m) and the 1:5000 topographic maps, the general classification of the types of rural settlements and extracted information from the outskirts were given in this thesis. Rural landscape spatial patterns were determined by thei
11、r location, landscape hydrology, and settlement distribution patterns. Based on the hydrological and landscape features of the rural areas in Shanghai, this thesis divided them into four types, reservoirs spread type, canals regularly distributed type, river network densely distributed type and rive
12、r-swamp type.At the same time, a collection of villages with historical and cultural traditions in the suburban of Shanghai was discussed, finally decide to use Qianwei village, Sanxing village in Chongming district, Zhongjiu village in Shuyuan town, Zhuanghang town, Hanjiazhai village, Xiunan villa
13、ge in Fengxian district, Dianshan Lake village, Santang village, Dongxi village, Jinze town, Xuemi village, Dianxi village and Caibang village in Qingpu district along the Dianshan Lake as its typical agricultural research objects.- V -上海交通大学硕士学位论文ABSTRACT2. By reading a large number of documents to
14、gether with using field surveying, surveying method, and advice from experts in this field, this thesis identified and described the formation, the evolution of cultural identity, cultural connotations and the local characteristics of the local landscape elements in the rural landscape. Whats more,
15、with the settlements as the core, this thesis analyzed and researched the Shanghai rural settlements landscape in three different aspects: the ecological structure of the settlements and the water system, internal buildings of the settlements, the landscape formation of the roads and spatial places
16、together with the environmental greening in the surrounding areas.By classifying and comparing the patterns of structures between settlements and water system, using the principles of landscape ecology, this thesis sorted out the rural landscape of Shanghai into five categories: settlements near water type, settlements dispersal type, settlements far from water type, settlements surrounded by water type and lake peripheral type. They were discussed in terms of types.This was followed by the re
