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1、3. 作宾语作宾语 P1601)常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：afford, enable，agree, apply, arrange, ask, attempt, beg, begin, care, choose, claim, consent, demand, decide, desire, determine, expect, fail, hope, hesitate, hate, intend, learn, like, manage, mean, neglect, offer, plan, prepare， pretend, promise, refuse, resolve, see
2、k, tend, threaten ,want ，long，expect，omit，appear，cease，need，dread，swear， volunteer， wish，bother， forget， prefer， happen， ，regret， profess 表明 ， start， undertake， consent 同意，赞同，vow 发誓，立誓 ，contrive 设法，图谋 incline 有倾向， propose 提议，seek 找，寻觅 try， bear 承受 ，endeavor 努力，等。如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用 it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不
3、定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如：Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如： I have no choice but to stay here. He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike. 动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如： He gave us some advice on how to learn English. 2)动词动词+疑问词不定式：不定式前可带疑问词不定式：不定式前可带what，who，which，where，wh
4、en，how 等疑问词等疑问词 P1604.作宾语补足语作宾语补足语 1) 在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语: want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite. P162He told me not to bring you anything他叫我不要给你带任何东西。Who taught you to play the music？谁教你弹这支曲子的？2) make
5、（强迫）,let, have（使唤）,hear, watch（观看）,notice, feel, see, help等后面的动词不定式作宾补时不带 to如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语： enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid（避免）, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承认） ，deny（否认）, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒险）, appreciate（感激）, be busy, be worth, feel like, c
6、ant stand, cant help, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent(from),keep from, stop（from）,protectfrom, set about, be engaged in, spend(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, acknowledge 承认，自认, cease 停止， mention 说到，讲到，tolerate 忍受 ，dislike 不喜欢，讨厌， A. forg
7、et to do 忘记要去做某事（此事未做）forget doing 忘记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生）B. stop to do 停止、中断（某件事） ，目的是去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事C remember to do 记住去做某事（未做）remember doing 记得做过某事（已做）D. regret to do 对要做的事遗憾regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔E. try to do 努力、企图做某事 try doing 试验、试一试某种办法J. begin /start to do 和 begin /start doing 可以互换，但在以下
8、三种情况下，用 to do：1. 主语不是指人，而是 it 等。如：It began to rain. 2. begin 后接表示心理活动的词。如：begin to know , believe， wonder， think 等。3. begin 本身是 ing 形式，为避免重复后接 to do 即，beginning to do doing 一般有正在做的意思to do 一般有正准备做的意思 所以 doing 就是开始做了to do 开始要做,还没做K. advise, allow, encourage, forbid, permit 等动词后面带动名词作宾语，带不定式作宾补。P177L .
9、consider, understand 等动词带动名词作宾语，也带“wh-疑问词+不定式”作宾语。P177(2). 在 need, require, demand, want, worth （形容词）, deserve 后的动名词必须用主动形式。The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired. The house wants repairing. This book is worth reading. . 独立独立主格主格结构结构（the absolute structure）独立主格结构（the absolute struc
10、ture）是由名词或代词加上分词或分词短语等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子，而不是一个词或词组。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，独立主格结构的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。独立主格结构的构成：名词（代词）+现在分词、过去分词；名词（代词）+不定式；名词（代词）+形容词；名词（代词）+副词；名词（代词） +介词短语构成。 独立主格结构的特点：1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。注：独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词注：独
11、立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词1. 分词的独立结构分词的独立结构(名词（代词）名词（代词）+ +现在分词、过去分词现在分词、过去分词)分词的独立结构由逻辑主语（名词、代词）+ 分词构成，可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随情况等。结 构1. 逻辑主语 + 现在分词2. 逻辑主语 + 过去分词3. 逻辑主语 + 分词的完成时或分词的被动态的完成时4. there + being + 其他成分5. 可以省略 being 或 having been 的结构例 句All being well, the project will be finished in five months.一切顺利的话
12、，这项工程将在 5 个月内完成。(条件= If all is well)Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. 天气允许，我们明天去看你。This done, they went home.做完这个后，他们就回家了。(时间 = When this was done)The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 考试结束了，我们开始放假。The meeting gone over, ev
13、eryone tired to go home earlier. 会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。He stood there, his hand raised.（伴随）他站在那儿，手举着。He stood there, talking. （伴随）他站在那儿，说话。There being nothing to do, we played games.由于没有什么可做，我们玩起了游戏。(原因 = Because there was nothing to do)His mother being ill, he had to stay home to look after her.（原因）他母亲病了
14、，他得在家里照顾着。The speech having been delivered, a lively discussion started.（ 时间）演说讲完后，一场生动的讨论开始了。2.2. 名词（代词）名词（代词）+ +不定式不定式Some of the money to be paid by the thief, the police went.小偷付了钱，警察走了。We to care for the children, you are able to be carefree away from home. 我们来照顾孩子，你就可以无忧无虑的出去。More time to be g
15、iven, we will make full use of it.如果能有更多的时间，我们一定好好利用。3. . 名词（代词）名词（代词）+ +形容词形容词He came into the room, his ears red with cold.他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了Hands red with the cold, they were sweeping the snow outdoors.他们在外面扫雪，手冻红了。His mother being ill, he had to stay home to look after her. 他母亲病了，他得在家里照顾着。The weather
16、 (being) hot, we all went swimming.天气很热，我们都去游泳。 4. .名词（代词）名词（代词）+ +副词副词The meeting (being) over, we left the room.会议结束了，我们离开了房间。The discussion over, he left the classroom soon.5. 名词（代词）名词（代词） + +介词短语介词短语He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆He climbed in, sword in hand.他爬进来，手握着剑。Our English teacher came into the classroom, paper in hand.我们的英语老师走进教师，手里拿着试卷。A robber burst into the room, knife in hand. 盗贼破门而入，手握着刀。注：注：当介词是当介词是 in 时，其前后的两个名
