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1、DS 工作室整理上传，转载请标明出处 |11-12；答案见后 短阅读 1.长江水稻，原文 Since the 1970s, archaeological sites in Chinas Yangtze River region have yielded evidence of sophisticated rice-farming societies that predate signs of rice cultivation elsewhere in East Asia by a thousand years. Before this evidence was discovered, it h
2、ad generally been assumed that rice farming began farther to the south. This scenario was based both on the geographic range of wild or free-living rice, which was not thought to extend as far north as the Yangtze, and on archaeological records of very early domestic rice from Southeast Asia and Ind
3、ia (now known to be not so old as first reported). Proponents of the southern-origin theory point out that early rice- farming societies along the Yangtze were already highly developed and that evidence for the first stage of rice cultivation is missing. They argue that the first hunter-gatherers to
4、 develop rice agriculture must have done so in this southern zone, within the apparent present-day geographic range of wild rice. Yet while most stands of wild rice reported in a 1984 survey were concentrated to the south of the Yangtze drainage, two northern outlier populations were also discovered
5、 in provinces along the middle and lower Yangtze, evidence that the Yangtze wetlands may fall within both the present-day and the historical geographic ranges of rices wild ancestor. 1. Which of the following, if true, would most clearly undermine the conclusion that the author makes based on the 19
6、84 survey? Areas south of the Yangtze basin currently have less wild-rice habitat than they once did. Surveys since 1984 have shown wild rice populations along the upper Yangtze as well as along the middle and lower Yangtze. The populations of wild rice along the Yangtze represent strains of wild ri
7、ce that migrated to the north relatively recently. Early rice-farming societies along the Yangtze were not as highly developed as archaeologists once thought. In East Asia, the historical geographic range of wild rice was more extensive than the present-day geographic range is.2. Based on the passag
8、e, skeptics of the idea that rice cultivation began in the Yangtze River region can point to which of the following for support? Lack of evidence supporting the existence of rice-farming societies along the Yangtze at an early date Lack of evidence regarding the initial stages of rice cultivation in
9、 the Yangtze region Recent discoveries pertaining to the historical geographic range of rices wild ancestor New information regarding the dates of very early domestic rice from Southeast Asia New theories pertaining to how hunter-gatherers first developed rice agriculture in East Asia3. Which of the
10、 following can be inferred from the passage about the “southern-origin theory”? The theory is based on an unconventional understanding of how hunter-gatherers first developed rice agriculture. The theory fails to take into account the apparent fact that evidence for the first stage of rice cultivati
11、on in the north is missing.DS 工作室整理上传，转载请标明出处 |2The theory was developed primarily in response to a 1984 survey of wild rices geographic range. Reassessment of the dates of some archaeological evidence has undermined support for the theory. Evidence of sophisticated rice-farming societies in the Yan
12、gtze region provides support for the theory.2. honey bee 的 fungee（原文）Ingestion of food containing spores of the pathogen Ascosphaera apis causes a fatal fungal disease known as chalk brood in honeybee larvae. However, larvae must be chilled to about 30C(normal brood-comb temperature is 33-36C)for th
13、e disease to develop. Accordingly, chalk brood is most common in spring and in small colonies. A recent study revealed that honeybees responsible for hive-temperature maintenance purposely raised the hives temperature when colonies were inoculated with A.apis this “fever,” or up-regulation of temper
14、ature, occurred before any larvae died, suggesting that the response is preventative and that either honeybee workers detect the infection before symptoms are visible or larvae communicate the ingestion of the pathogen. Temperature returned to normal by the end of the study, suggesting that increase
15、d temperature is not optimal when broods are not infected, as well as that the fever does not result merely from normal colony growth (i.e., an increase in the number of workers available for temperature maintenance).V1 考了一个 honey bee 的一个 fungee 病毒的 honeybee 的 larvae 容易的 这个 fungee 而且还是 small coloney
16、 的会的 but it requires to lower the temperature of larvae to 30 degree for fungee infection (whereas the temperature of the hive is 33-35) 这个句子问到过 结果 scientist discovered that worker bees purposefully keep the temperature of hive high before the manifestation of the fungee infection so this must be a PREVENTATIVE mechanism developed from the honeybees to protect larvae from infection. in addition the temperature of the hive will b
