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1、1Unit 1 Ways of Learning (学习方式学习方式)I. Background Information Education in the WestWestern methods are generally more student-centered, expecting students to discover things for themselves rather than relying on their teachers to tell them. Education in the United States was greatly influenced by Joh
2、n Dewey - an American philosopher and educator. Deweys philosophy of education, instrumentalism, focused on learning-by-doing rather than rote learning and dogmatic instruction. Standing on the shoulders of giants A well-known phrase, frequently employed by inventors to express modesty about their a
3、chievements. The suggestion is that while they have been able to see further than those who came before them, it is not because they themselves are intellectual giants. Rather it is because they have been able to build upon the accumulated discoveries of their great predecessors.II. Text Organizatio
4、nPartsPara.Main ideas I1-5 An anecdote: the Chinese staff helped Benjamin to insert the key II6-13 The authors thoughts about different approaches to learning in China and the West.III14 The author gives a suggestion of a more rational approach to fostering creativity and basic skills.III. Words and
5、 Expressionsattach a) vt. fasten or join sth (to sth) 【 sth (to sth)】 attach a label to each piece of luggage 每件行李上都加上标签 Attached (to this letter) you will find. 随信附上. b) vt. 给予（重要性【 sth to sth】 Do you attach any importance to what he said? Ex.=extension 扩展部分扩展部分 在邮寄之前，要确保邮票牢牢地贴在信封上。 （be attached to
6、） Make sure that the stamp is firmly attached to the envelope before you mail it. 附件: attachmentassist vt. vi. (fml 文) help 【 (sb.) with sth】 【 (sb.) in doing sth】 【sb. to do sth.】 The college student decided to assist the boy with his study.2You will be required to assist Mrs Smith in preparing a r
7、eport. 你将要协助史密斯夫人准备一份报告. My father assisted in building our new house. 我的父亲帮助我们盖新房子。 Ex. aid; helpneglect a) vt. give no or not enough care or attention to (sb/sth) neglect ones studies, health 忽视自己的学习、健康 b) vt. no passive fail or forget to do sth, esp carelessly; leave undone (what one ought to do)
8、 【 to do/doing】 He neglected to write and say Thank you. n U neglecting or being neglected 疏忽 Ex. negligence relevant adj connected with the subject 有关的; 切题的 【 (to sth/sb)】 a highly relevant argument, point, suggestion, etc 密切相关的论据、 论点、 建议等 supply the facts (directly) relevant to the case 提供与该案（直接）有
9、关的事实 Ex. irrelevantextreme adj usu attrib of the highest degree or intensity 极端的 in extreme pain 在极度的痛苦中 n C usu pl the furthest possible limit, an extreme degree 极端，极端的行为: Love and hate are extremes of passion. Collocation: Go(, etc )to extremes 走极端 In the jungle, they were driven to extremes in or
10、der to survive. 在丛林中, 他们为了生存被迫采取极端行动.facility n (fml) U, sing ability to learn or do things easily【in/ with + n.】 Her facility with / in languages is surprising. He plays the piano with surprising facility. Cf. Latin confer “参看参看“,“试比较试比较“ talent, capacity talent n. S (for); U special natural abilit
11、y or skill capacity n.S (for) ability to produce, experience, understand or learn sth continual adj (esp derog 尤作贬义) going on all the time without stopping, or repeatedly 继续不断的;反复发生的 continual rain, talking, interruptions 不停的雨、 谈话、 打扰 How do we prevent these continual breakdowns? 我们如何防止这些一再出现的故障? ad
12、v. continually He was continually late for work. 他上班总是迟到. Cf. continual, continuous （see p. 16 of th Book Confusable Words） continual 一般指多次重复的动作，指中间有间断，但又持续很久，好像没有停止的意味: You need continual practice. continuous 指中间没有间断，但持续一段时间后可能会停下来 a continuous flow of traffic 接连不断的来往车辆 continuous rain 连绵不断的雨apply
13、a) vi. vt.be relevant (to sb/sth); have an effect 对适用 【 (to sb/sth)】3These rules dont always apply. You cant apply this rule to every case.= This rule cant be applied to every case. b) vi make a formal request 申请【 (to sb) (for sth)】 【 to do sth.】 apply for a job, post, passport, visa, scholarship Ex
14、. application; applicable; applied priority n. a) C thing that is (regarded as) more important than others （被视为）优先的事物 You must decide what your priorities are. b) U high or top place among various things to be done （工作的）重点【give to sth.】 【 (over sth)】 The search for a new vaccine took priority over a
15、ll other medical research. Ex. 政府将改革教育体制列为工作的重点. The Government gave (top) priority to reforming the educational systemevolve vt. vi. (fml 文) (cause to) develop naturally and (usu) gradually （使）逐渐形成，进化 【 (into(to)/ from) 】 He has evolved a new theory after many years of research. Popular music evolv
16、ed from folk songs. The story evolves into （发展成）a violent tragedy. Ex. Darwins theory of evolution 达尔文的进化论contrast vt. compare (two people or things) so that differences are made clear 对比【 A and/with B】 contrast his work and/with hers 把他的作品与她的作品加以比较. vi. show a difference when compared 形成对照 【 (with sb/sth)】 Her actions contrasted sharply with her promises. 她的行动与她的诺言有天壤之别.
