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1、虚拟语气讲解 subjunctive mood虚拟语气的概念n虚拟语气（subjunctive mood）表示 所说的话只是一种主观的愿望、假设和 建议等。虚拟语气的形式If条件句的种类n条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句两 种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生 或实现的，句子中的条件从句与结果主 句皆用直接语气，如：n1）if I have enough money next year, I will go to Japann2）if you have finished with that book, take it back to the library.If 条件句的虚拟语气n非真实条件句所
2、表的假设则是不可能或 不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从 句和结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。nIf you had not reminded me, I might have forgotten.nIf he were wise, he should have come to see me.虚拟语气构成类表从句主句与过过去事实实相反Had +过过去分词词Should have +done与现现在事实实相反动词过动词过 去式 Be 用wereShould +do 与将来事实实相反动词过动词过 去式 Were to +do should+动词动词 原型Should +do Examplesn假如我是你的
3、话，我就不会要那些钱。nIf I were you, I would refuse the money.n假若我们有时间的话，我们就会顺道拜访了nWe should have dropped by if we had had time.n假如他来看我，就会认识我。nIf he should see me, he would know me.条件从句和结果主句所表时间不一致 的虚拟语气n从句的动作与主句的动作发生时间不一 致的情况，这时动词的形式应根据所表 示的时间做相应的调整。这称为错综虚 拟条件句。ExamplesnIf I had spoken to him yesterday, I sh
4、ould know what to do now.从句是过去时虚拟，主句是现在进行时虚拟nIf we had not been working hard in the past few years,things would not be going smoothly.从句是过去时虚拟，主句是现在进行时虚拟 ExercisesnYou (be) better now if you (take) my advice.nIf my father (sent) me, I (be) not here now.nIf he (come), what we (say)to him.虚拟语气中的倒装句n非真
5、实条件从句的连词if在书面语中可以 省略，并将谓语中的were ,had ,should 移置主语之前。n Were you in my position ,you would do the same.nHad I time, I would come.含蓄条件句n非真实条件句中的从句有时不表达出来，只暗 含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。nWhat would I have done without you?nIt would be easier to do it in this way.nWithout your help I could not have finished the t
6、ask on time.nBut for the storm,we should have arrived earliernI am really very busy, otherwise I would certainly go there with you.nA man of less courage would not have dared to go.nIf only I had more time to think about itconclusionn介词或介词短语with ,without ,but for(要不是), in the absence of ,under ,if o
7、nly(要是就好了),表示条 件，句中用虚拟语气.从句中的虚拟语气主语从句n在下列结构的主语从句中，谓语动词用 虚拟语气,形式为should+do, should可省nIt is necessary/imperative/important/essential /advisable/better/ordered/proposed/desired/ requested/suggested/recommended/demanded /decided/arranged/natural/impossible/sorry /strange/a pity/a shame/no wonder thatExa
8、mplenIt was arranged that they leave the following week.nIt is a pity that she should fare(过 活) so badly.nIt is his desire that a medical man should stay here.Exercisesn我们说话要有礼貌，这是很重要的。nIt is important that we should speak politely.n应当进行批评与自我批评。nIt is imperative that we should practise criticism and
9、 self- criticism.Exercisesn没有必要使每一个人都成为科学家。nIt is not necessary that everyone be a scientist.n他这样想是很自然的事情nIt is natural that he should think so.宾语从句的虚拟n在表示命令，建议，要求的动词，如 advise ,commend, demand ,insist,order ,propose, recommend, request,suggest，等后面的宾语从句 中，谓语动词用should+动词原型， should 可省略。nHe insisted tha
10、t you should be on time.特例nInsist表坚持，强调suggest 表表明， 暗示时，不用虚拟。nHe insisted that he had never stolen anything.nThe expression on her face suggested that she was tired.Wish 后面的宾语从句n1，用过去式表现在不能实现的愿望nI wish I were as strong as you.n2，用过去完成时表过去不能实现的愿望 .nWe wish we had paid more attention to our pronunciat
11、ion.n3，用过去将来时表将来不能实现的愿望nI wish he would try again .表达愿望n在would rather,would sooner ,后面 的句子中，用动词过去式表示尚未发生 的动作，用过去完成时动词表示对已发 生的动作的某种愿望nI would rather you had left for HangZhou last week.。nI would rather/sooner you came tomorrow.同位语从句和表语从句的虚拟在下列名词后面的同位语从句和表语从句中，谓 语动词用虚拟语气：suggestion, proposal, order, i
12、nstruction, advice, motion（提议）等. 1.He gave the order that the results of the experiment (should) be rechecked. 2.My suggestion is that we (should) send a trade delegation to Malaysia.其他nAs if (though)连接的从句，谓语动词 虚拟形势与wish 用法相同nIt is (high ,about) time that 的句型 中用虚拟语气表应该做而没有作的事情 ，从句谓语一律用过去式nIt is time
13、 that we went to bed.nIt is time we leftn在以lest, for fear that, in case引出的 从句中用虚拟语气 lest, for fear that 都表示“惟恐，免得”从句中使用 “should+动词原形”构成谓语nHe took his umbrella with him lest it should rain.nIn case I forget, please remind me of my promise.Exercisen1, Without electricity human life_quite different tod
14、ay.nA is B will be nC would have been D would ben2，When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it _nA breaks B has broken nC were broken D had been broken n3“It is getting very late.”n“Yes,it is time we _back home”nA have gone B should gonenC went D shall gon4，I can go myself but I wo
15、uld sooner you_nA go B have gone C will go D went5,The new airport (complete)if they had not stopped working on it. 6,Peters pale face suggested that he (be)ill, and his parents suggested that he (have) a medical examination. 7,It is generally thought to be of importance to a man that he (know) himself. 8, without air, there (be)no wind or rain.9,He has been studying so hard. It is natural that he (pass) tomorrows exam. 10,He (pass) the test, but he was not careful enough. 11,If only we (do)as we were told. This would never have hap
