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1、储运储运 10 级级 专业外语复习资料专业外语复习资料 句子篇句子篇储运储运 1-4 班班2.1.2 Gas Pipelines 1. In general, gas pipelines operate at high pressures than crude lines; gas is moved through a gas pipeline by compressors rather than by pumps; and the path of natural gas to the user is more direct. 通常，输气管的操作压力较高，使用压缩机而非泵为气体提供压力，而且天
2、然气可直接送达 用户。 2. As in the case of oil wells, gas- well flow lines connect individual gas wells to field gas -treating and processing facilities or to branches of larger gathering system. 与油井相似，通过集气管将气井与气体处理及加工设备连接，或将气井与大型集气系统的支 管相连。 3. The purpose of gas-gathering and gas transmission lines is simila
3、r to that of crude-gathering and crude trunk lines，respectively，but operating conditions and equipment are quite different . 集气管和输气干线分别与集油管和输油干线类似，但操作条件及设备不同。2.1.3 Product Pipeline 1. Like crude and natural gas pipeline，there are no typical products pipelines or products pipeline systems，but 8 -in d
4、iameter through 16-in diameter products pipelines are common. 同原油和天然气管道一样，也没有典型的成品油管道或成品油管道系统，通常 816 英寸管 径的成品油管道较为常见。 2. And the capacity of a given line for a given product can often be increased by installing additional pumps at pump stations. 并且特定管道输送特定油品的能力往往会随泵站安装新泵而加强。 3. There are certainly n
5、ot limits on pipeline size; both smaller and larger lines are in service. 但当然也不限于上述直径范围，运行中的管道有更大直径的也有更小直径的。 4. Product deliveries by these companies through this net work amounted to more than 4.8 billion bbl during that year. 那一年，这些企业通过这些管网输送的成品油累计超过 48 亿桶。 2.2.1 Two-Phase Pipelines 1. In general,
6、 these situations occur when the volumes to be moved are relatively small and now efficiency is not a critical factor, or where the construction of two separate linesone for liquid and one for gaswill be very expensive. 这些情况一般为输送量相对较小，输送效率不是重要因素，或者是敷设两条管道（一条输送 液体，一条输送气体）非常昂贵。 2. In this case flow ef
7、ficiency in the line may be very important, but careful design of the system can make a two-phase line an economic alternative to the construction of two separate pipelines. 此时，管道的流动效率可能十分重要，但系统的仔细设计可使两相流管道成为建设两条单独 管道的经济替代方案。 3. In any pipeline that must handle a specified throughout, an estimate of
8、 the pressure drop in the line is a key to proper design of line size and pump capacity. 在规定输量的任何管道内，估算管道压降是合理设计管道直径和泵输送能力的关键。 4. The design of a two-phase pipeline requires more accurate data than the design of a single-phase pipeline; even the route can have a significant effect on the satisfactor
9、y of a two-phase pipeline. 与单相管道设计相比，两相流管道设计需要更精确的数据，仅是管道线路就对两相流管道的 良好操作有很大影响。2.5.2 Pump station 1. Near the station, after the fluid leaves the pump, is the point at which operating pressure is highest in the segment of the pipeline between that station and the next. 液体流出泵后的近站点是该站与下一站间管段上操作压力的最高点。
10、2. The manifolds also allow certain equipment to be bypassed when out of service for maintenance or repair. 设备停运或维修时，管汇也可使流体越过此设备。 3. Originating stations may also have storage tanks to smooth out variations in flow to the station. 首站可设有储罐以缓冲进站液体流量的变化。2.7 Gas Turbines 1. They are not normally used w
11、ith reciprocating natural gas compressors because of the difficulty in matching turbine speed to compressor speed. 由于燃气轮机与压缩机的转速很难匹配，故燃气轮机一般不用于驱动往复式天然气压缩机。 2. Gas turbine manufacturers can provide fuel systems that allow a turbine to operate on fuels ranging from diesel through LPgas in addition to
12、natural gas. 燃气轮机制造商能提供多种燃料系统，除了天然气外，燃料范围可从柴油至液化石油气。 3. Tests were also made using crude oil as fuel to determine the best choice of nozzles, and turbine blade and vane coatings for this services. 也进行了用原油作为燃料的试验，以确定使用条件下喷嘴的最佳选择、透平叶片和翼片的涂 层。2.9 Pipe Coating 1. Some pipelines are coated on the interio
13、r to improve flow conditions or to protect against corrosion by the fluid being transported. 有些管道在内表面也涂有覆盖层，以改善流动条件或防止被输送液体对管道的腐蚀。 2. To be effective, a coating must resist corrosion, and it must resist damage that would uncover areas of pipe where corrosion could occur. 为使覆盖层有效，它必须能阻止从管子表面剥离及在剥离处发生
14、腐蚀。 3. Wrapping tape, normally either a heavy paper or plastic protects the coating from damage. 包扎带常为厚纸或塑料带，以防止覆盖层受损。 4. Considerable research has been aimed at the improvement of concrete coatings and application methods, based in part on the performance of early concrete-coated pipelines. 以现有混凝土加
15、重管道的性能作为部分依据，在改进加重层及其施工方法方面已进行了大量 研究。3.1.1 Oil storage 1. At each step in the pipeline gathering and delivery system, varying storage requirements exist. 管道集油和输送系统中的每一步都存在各种储存的需要。 2. A refinery must operate continuously to be efficient, though its throughput can be reduced if necessary; enough crude
16、 to feed the refinery must be available. 炼厂在必要时需要降低输量，但为了保持连续运行的有效性，需要为炼厂提供足够的原油。3.5.1 Mechanisms of Evaporation Losses 1. The truck then transports the vapors to a centralized station where a vapor recovery or control system is used to control emissions. 槽车将蒸气运往中心站，由站上的蒸气回收或控制系统控制发散量。 2. Evaporative loss during emptying occurs when air drawn into the tank during liquid removal becomes saturated with organic vapor and expands, thus exceedin
