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1、1自考英语语法讲义及练习主要内容： 1 动词时态和语态 2非谓语动词 3虚拟语气 4定语从句和名词性从句1.动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态 11 动词的时态和语态一览表 时态 语态一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时 主动 被动do are donedid were donewill do will be done现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时 主动 被动are doing are being donewere doing were being donewill be doing现在完成时过去完成时将来完成时 主动 被动have done have been donehad done had be
2、en donewill have done will have been done现在完成进行时 主动 被动have been doing1.2 动词主要时态的意义及运用 1) 现在完成时，过去完成时和将来完成时 英语提示语：up to now, so far, for three years, since 1995, over past ten years, by the end of this week, by the year of 1995 汉语提示语：已经，早已，了 e.g. We havent met each other since last year. By the end o
3、f this week, well have finished the task. 2) 现在完成进行时 从过去一直持续到现在，没有间断没有间断。 汉语提示语：一直 e.g. The water has been running the whole night. 3) 过去完成时 a) said, reported, thought 等引导的间接引语中。 e.g. He missed the train. He said he had missed the train. b) hardlywhen, no sooner than e.g. No sooner had he got up tha
4、n he received the call. c) 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的条件状语从句中 e.g. If I had tried harder, I would have won. I wish I had done better in the exam. 历年考题中的动词时态和语态21. Much of the carbon in the earth _ (come) from things that once lived. 2.In the past two decades, research _ (expand) our knowledge about sleep and drea
5、m. 3.Some proverbs _ (be) in the language for 1,000 years, for example, A friend in need is a friend indeed. 4._ (stand) at the gate was a young man in green coat. 5.In 1991, after the Gulf War, Bushs approved rating reached 91 percent, the highest level recorded since polling _ (begin) in the 1930.
6、 6.Seeing violence on television or reading about it in the newspapers every day _ (make) us tolerate crime more than we should. 7.So far, Irving _ (live) in New York City for ten years. 8.The patient _ (send) to another hospital before we got there. 9.The second half of the nineteenth century _ (wi
7、tness) the first extended translation into English of the writings of Eliphas Levi. 10. All the worries they might have felt for him _ (drive) off by the sight of his cheerful face. 2. 非谓语动词非谓语动词 2.1 动词主要时态和语态一览表 非谓语动词形式意义 现在分词现在分词3一 般 式Doing主动, 正在进行被 动 式being done被动, 正在进行 完成主动式having done主动, 已经完成 完
8、成被动式having been done被动, 已经完成 过去分词过去分词Done被动, 已经完成 动词不定式动词不定式 一 般 式to do主动,将要进行 被 动 式to be done被动, 将要进行 完成主动式to have done主动, 已经完成 进行主动式to be doing主动, 正在进行2.2. 非谓语动词作状语 动词不定式：1）目的状语；2）结果状语 e.g. I came here to meet you. （目的） He hurried to the rail station only to miss the train. （结果） 分词：1) 伴随状语；2）原因状语；
9、3）条件状语 4）让步状语；5）时间状语 e.g. Walking along the street, he met his old friend. （时间） Being very tired, my father didnt go out with us. （原因） Made by hand, the silk shirt is very expensive. （原因） Seen from the space, the earth looks like a blue ball. (条件) 2.3 非谓语动词，状语从句和独立结构 1) Having done their homework, t
10、he children began to play. (分词作状语) 2) After having done their homework, the children began to play. （连词+分词） 3) After they had done their homework, the children began to play. （状语从句） 4) With homework done, the children began to play. （独立结构） 2.4 非谓语动词作定语 1) If there is no choice, there is no decision
11、_ (make). (to be made) 2) Do you know the man _ ( stand) in front of the house? (standing) 3) The question _ (discuss) at the moment is very important. (being discussed) 4) The bridge _ (build) in the 1950s is still in good condition. (built) 2.5 动名词和动词不定式 *作主语和表语 动名词作主语/表语表示一般、抽象的情况；动词不定时作主语表示具体某次的
12、情况。 e.g Rising early is good for health. To rise early tomorrow is difficult for me. It is difficult for me to rise early tomorrow. My biggest wish is to go abroad. Seeing is believing. *作宾语 接动名词作宾语的动词： admit, acknowledge, avoid, appreciate, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, forgive, finish, i
13、nclude, involve, mind, put off, postpone, suggest, feel like, look forward to, be used to, be accustomed to, etc. 接动词不定式作宾语的动词： want, tend, intend, pretend, hope, plan, expect, be supposed to, seem, be likely to, used to, be willing to, desire, force, prefer, start, begin 4接动名词和动词不定式有不同含义的动词： 5) for
14、get, remember, regret 6) stop, continue 7) need/ want 8) allow doing/ allow sb to do 1) How can I forget meeting you for the first time?Sorry, I forgot to lock the door.2) I cant stop laughing. Can you stop to give me a hand? 3)The grass needs cutting. The grass needs to be cut. 4)We dont allow smok
15、ing here. You are not allowed to smoke here. 历年考题中的非谓语动词历年考题中的非谓语动词 1. A man cannot be really happy if what he enjoys _ (do) is ignored by society as of no value or importance. 2. Anyone _(want) to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics. 3. It is a well-known fact tha
16、t a person will move in a circle when he cannot use his eyes _ (control) his direction. 4. As research techniques become more advanced, the number of animals _ (use) in experiments may decrease. 5. It seems reasonable to assume that, other things _ (be) equal, they would prefer single to shared rooms. 6. This poem, if _ (translate) word for word into Chi
