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1、NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.Lithium-Ion Battery Safety Study Using Multi-Physics Internal Short-Circuit ModelThe 5th Intl. Symposium on Large Lithium-Ion Battery
2、 Technology and Application in Conjunction with AABC09June 9-10, 2009, Long Beach, CAGi-Heon Kim, Kandler Smith, Ahmad Pesaran National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden, ColoradoThis research activity is funded by US DOEs ABRT program (Dave Howell)NREL/PR-540-45856gi-heon.kimnrel.gov2National Rene
3、wable Energy LaboratoryInnovation for Our Energy Future2040 sec82842416361232Background NRELs Li-ion thermal abuse modeling study was started under the Advanced Technology Development (ATD) program; it is currently funded by Advanced Battery Research for Transportation (ABRT) program. NRELs previous
4、 model study focused on understanding the interaction between heat transfer and exothermic abuse reaction propagation for a particular cell/module design, and provided insight on how thermal characteristics and conditions can impact safety events of lithium-ion batteries.Total Volumetric Heat Releas
5、e from Component Reactions3National Renewable Energy LaboratoryInnovation for Our Energy FutureFocus Here: Internal Short-Circuit Li-Ion thermal runaway due to internal short-circuit is a major safety concern. Other safety concerns may be controlled by electrical and mechanical methods. Initial late
6、nt defects leading to later internal shorts may not be easily controlled, and evolve into a hard short through various mechanisms: separator wear-out, metal dissolution and deposition on electrode surface, or extraneous metal debris penetration, etc. Thermal behavior of a lithium-ion battery system
7、for an internal short- circuit depends on various factors such as nature of the short , cell capacity, electrochemical characteristics of a cell, electrical and thermal designs, system load, etc. Internal short-circuit is a multi-physics, 3-dimentional problem related to the electrochemical, electro
8、-thermal, and thermal abuse reaction kinetics response of a cell.kinetics models4National Renewable Energy LaboratoryInnovation for Our Energy FuturePerform 3D multi-physics internal short simulation study to characterize an internal short and its evolution over time Expand understanding of internal
9、 shorts by linking and integrating NRELs electrochemical cell, electro-thermal, and abuse reactionElectro-Thermal ModelTemperatureCurrentDensityAbuse Kinetics ModelElectrochemical Model05015020005061.56160.56059.515062100X(mm)soc %100Y(mm)Internal Short Model StudysocTApproach:Understanding of Inter
10、nal Short Circuit Through Modeling5National Renewable Energy LaboratoryInnovation for Our Energy FutureResearch Focus Is on Understanding electrochemical response for shortUnderstanding heat release for short eventUnderstanding exothermic reaction propagationsUnderstanding function and response of m
11、itigation technology designs and strategies6National Renewable Energy LaboratoryInnovation for Our Energy FutureHeating Pattern Change30 m Short4s8s12s7 Short3 min 6min 9 minA multi-physics model simulation demonstrates that heating patterns at short events depend on the nature of the short, cell ch
12、aracteristics such as capacity and rate capability.Heating Pattern at Different Resistance-ShortsAffected by external thermal conditionsUndetectable from external probesCan slow down the evolution?Can suppress?Heat for Cell Discharge oC/secVocv Ro0 101010107National Renewable Energy LaboratoryInnova
13、tion for Our Energy FutureShort Heating =+RoVocvRsRo= 100m (0.4Ah)Ro= 1m (40Ah)-4215105-2 0Short Resistance Qd M2 (Ro + Rs)2M=cell size increaseGlobalLocalSmall cell Large cellUnderstanding Heating Response DifferencesHeating from Short Circuit = Heat from Cell Discharge + Joule Heat at at ShortHeat
14、 for Cell Discharge oC/secHeat at Short WVocv Ro0 101010101010Vocv Rs1010 101010108National Renewable Energy LaboratoryInnovation for Our Energy Future10 m Short10 ShortShort Heating =+Qualitative Representation for Heating PatternRoVocvRs-4420-2Ro= 100m (0.4Ah)Ro= 1m (40Ah)2 (Ro + Rs)22Qs =-2 0Shor
15、t Resistance -4215105-2 0Short Resistance Qd M2 (Ro + Rs)2M=cell size increaseGlobalLocalSmall cell Large cellUnderstanding Heating Response DifferencesHeating from Short Circuit = Heat from Cell Discharge + Joule Heat at at ShortHeat for Cell Discharge oC/secHeat at Short WVocv Ro0 101010101010Vocv Rs1010 101010109National Renewable Energy LaboratoryInnovation for Our Energy Future10 m Short10 ShortShort Heating =+Qualitative Representation for Heating PatternRoVocvRs-42-2420-2 0Short Resistance Ro= 100m (0.4Ah)R
