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1、12015 年北京外国语大学英汉同传考研真题解析年北京外国语大学英汉同传考研真题解析科目名称：611 英语能力测试（写作）科目名称：611 英语能力测试（写作）(时间 3 小时，满分 150 分，全部写在答题纸上，答在试题页上无效)(时间 3 小时，满分 150 分，全部写在答题纸上，答在试题页上无效)I. Summarize the main points in the following essay (in about 150 words)I. Summarize the main points in the following essay (in about 150 words)and
2、write a commentary (in about 500 words) on the issue under discussion,and write a commentary (in about 500 words) on the issue under discussion,relating it to Chinese reality. (70 points)relating it to Chinese reality. (70 points)Time has not quelled controversy over policies of preferential treatme
3、nt.Time has not quelled controversy over policies of preferential treatment.First instituted in the 1960s and 1970s by employers and educationalFirst instituted in the 1960s and 1970s by employers and educationalinstitutions in response to pressures from civil rights groups，preferentialinstitutions
4、in response to pressures from civil rights groups，preferentialtreatment programs seek to rectify the effects of past and ongoingtreatment programs seek to rectify the effects of past and ongoingdiscrimination against women and racial minorities. These programs arediscrimination against women and rac
5、ial minorities. These programs aredesigned as temporary measures to increase the employment and educationaldesigned as temporary measures to increase the employment and educationalopportunities available to qualified women and minorities by giving themopportunities available to qualified women and m
6、inorities by giving thempreference in hiring, promotion, and admission. Toward this goal, some firmspreference in hiring, promotion, and admission. Toward this goal, some firmsand institutions aggressively recruit minorities and women, others setand institutions aggressively recruit minorities and w
7、omen, others setnumerical targets and timetables to raise the level of minority and femalenumerical targets and timetables to raise the level of minority and femalerepresentation, and still others establish quotas to hire or admit arepresentation, and still others establish quotas to hire or admit a
8、specified number of minority and female candidates.specified number of minority and female candidates.These programs have brought significant gains for women and minorities. InThese programs have brought significant gains for women and minorities. Inthe past 25 years, black participation in the work
9、 force has increased 50the past 25 years, black participation in the work force has increased 50percent and the percentage of blacks holding managerial positions has jumpedpercent and the percentage of blacks holding managerial positions has jumpedfivefold. In 1970, women comprised only 5 percent of
10、 lawyers compared tofivefold. In 1970, women comprised only 5 percent of lawyers compared to220 percent today. Twenty-five years ago, the student population at20 percent today. Twenty-five years ago, the student population atUniversity of California, Berkeley, was 80 percent white compared to 45Univ
11、ersity of California, Berkeley, was 80 percent white compared to 45percent today.percent today.Despite these strides, severe inequities remain. Nearly 97 percent ofDespite these strides, severe inequities remain. Nearly 97 percent ofcorporate senior executives in the United States are white. Only 5
12、percentcorporate senior executives in the United States are white. Only 5 percentof all professionals are black though blacks comprise 12.7 percent of theof all professionals are black though blacks comprise 12.7 percent of thework force. Hispanics hold only 4 percent of white-collar jobs but make u
13、pwork force. Hispanics hold only 4 percent of white-collar jobs but make up7.5 percent of the work force.7.5 percent of the work force.As civil rights groups press for more aggressive and comprehensiveAs civil rights groups press for more aggressive and comprehensivepreferential treatment programs t
14、o eliminate such inequities, oppositionpreferential treatment programs to eliminate such inequities, oppositionto these programs mounts. According to one poll, a majority of whites andto these programs mounts. According to one poll, a majority of whites andone-third of blacks oppose preferential tre
15、atment for minorities. Opponentsone-third of blacks oppose preferential treatment for minorities. Opponentshave long charged that the programs discriminate against white males. Recenthave long charged that the programs discriminate against white males. Recentcritics, including several noted black sc
16、holars, argue that preferentialcritics, including several noted black scholars, argue that preferentialtreatment programs victimize and stigmatize minorities, increasing frictiontreatment programs victimize and stigmatize minorities, increasing frictionamong groups. But defenders of the programs hail them as the most expedientamong groups. But defenders of the programs hail them as the most expedientand fairest way to overcome racial and sexist barriers in ourand fairest way to overcome racial a
