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1、定语从句定义定语从句定义：在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系代词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。先行词 定语从句所修饰的词叫“先行词”。先行词通常为人、物或者是事情。I am reading the article that is about your experience in the UK.关系词 从意义上说：先行词是定语从句的组成部分从结构上说：先行词不能在从句中出现 所以用关系词引导定语从句，并取代先行词在从句中做某种成分。 I am reading the article
2、 that is about your experience in the UK.关系词的功能1. 关系词作主语The trees are on the school campus. They have lost their leaves.The trees which are on the school campus have lost their leaves.2. 关系词作宾语We saw the student just now. He is the best runner in our school.The student whom we saw just now is the be
3、st runner in our school.3. 关系词作表语Jack used to be a lazy boy. He is no longer a lazy boy Jack is no longer the lazy boy that he used to be.4. 关系词作定语（通常为所有格）She has a brother. I cant remember his name.She has a brother whose name I cant remember.5. 关系词作状语（时间状语、地点状语、原因状语）The school is in Shenzhen. He s
4、tudies in the schoolThe school where he studies is in Shenzhen.提示：提示：关系词在定语从句中有两大作用 1. 连接作用连接先行词和定语从句。I gave her all the money that I had. （that 连接先特词 money 和定语从句 I had） 2. 成分作用在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。I like picrures which are painted in the traditional Chinese style. （which 在定语从句中作主语）关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定
5、语从句who, whom, which, that, as, whose 等跟在先行词的后面，指代先行词，引出定语从句。 在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语的作用。1. who 和 whom当先行词是表示人的词语时，用 who 或 whom。who 可作主语和宾语。作宾语时可用 whom，that 替换，也可省略。whom 只作宾语，通常省略。The man who spoke at the meeting this morning is a famous lawyer.The girl who you saw just now is Jane.The girl whom / who / th
6、at you saw just now is Jane.2. which当先行词是表示事物的词语时用 which，可在从句中作主语和宾语，作宾语时可省略。This is the book which was written in English by our English teacher. The pictures which he drew in the 1980s are on show.注意(whom 不能用 who 替换，也不能省略。5. 下列情况常用非限制性定语从句。1）当先行词表示的是世界上独一无二的人或物时。The sun, which gives us light and h
7、eat, is a fixed star.Last year I visted the Peoples Great Hall, where many important meetings are held every year. 2）当定语从句修饰整个主句时。Taiwan belongs to China, as everyone knows.The weather was very terrible, which we hadnt expected. 3） 当先行词是专有名词，或先行词本身指示意义十分明确时。 Mr. Joe lives in Beijing now, which is qu
8、ite a long way from here.I congratulate my neighbour, whose son has just won the election.练习：练习：1. Is this the river _I can swim？A. which B. in which C. that D. the one2. Mr. Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn, _ we will enjoy the Olympic Games in 2008. A. where B. when C. which D. how3.
9、How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin?Oh, thats easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one _ the telephone number is provided.A. which B. in which C. of which D. whose4. October 15th is my birthday, _ I will never forget.A. when B. that C. what D. which5. There are several resea
10、rch centers in China _ a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied.A. which B. where C. when D. what6. I shall never forget the day _ Shen Zhou V was launched, _ has a great effect on my life.A. when, which B. that, which C. which, that D. when, that7. There is no such place _ you dream of in
11、 all this world.A. that B. what C. which D. as8. The people, _ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.A. all whose homes B. all of whose homesC. all their homes D. all of their homes9. The man showed us so heavy a stone _ no man can lift.A. that B. as C. which D. and10. He s
12、tayed there for quite a long time, during _ time he learned much spoken English. A. that B. this C. which D. same常考考点：常考考点：一介词一介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句1. 介词介词+关系代词中介词的位置关系代词中介词的位置关系代词 whom, which 在从句中作介词宾语时，可以跟介词一起放在从句与主句之间（that, who 不可以） ，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面，使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词。He is a man of rich expe
13、rience, from whom much can be learned. = He is a man of rich experience, whom much can be learned from.The school in which he once worked is a key school. =The school (which that) he once worked in is a key school.2关系代词前介词的选择关系代词前介词的选择在介词+关系代词引导的定语从句中，应注意介词的正确选择。1）根据后面动词和介词的搭配关系选择。The two things of
14、which they felt proud were Jims watch and Dellas hair.（feel proud of 是固定搭配词组）In the dark street there was not a single person to whom she could turn for help.（turn to sb. for help 是固定搭配词组）2）根据与前面名词的搭配关系选择。Ill never forget the day on which I first met him.(the day 前面一般用介词 on)Can you imagine a proper
15、situation in which the expression can be used?(a situation 前面一般用 in)3）有时须同时考虑动词和介词的搭配关系及介词和名词的搭配关系。Is that the house in which you once lived(live in the house)4）根据所要表达的意思来确定。This is my pair of glasses, without which I cannot see clearly.二关系副词二关系副词 where 的特殊用法的特殊用法where 的考查趋势恨复杂，从先行词由“明显的地点”转为“地点的模糊化”。对于where 这个词，不能只理解为表示地点。当先行词表示某人/某物的处境，或某事物所发展的阶段，或达到某事的某个方面时都可以用 where，如抽象名词 case，point，situation。We have reached a point where a change is needed. 我们到了必须改一改的地步。There are cases where the word “mighty” is used as an adverb. 在一
