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1、SUN基础知识及故障诊断培训Solution Architect Greater China Client Services a265265 我们首先要做的 问客户正确的问题打没打补丁？在哪个环节出现问题？ 吞吐量, 响应时间, 网络, I/O, 应用,.明白客户怎么和怎样提出要求测试和想法是否合理 ?它应该跑得更快 ., 很多的CPU空闲 . 开始的支持和建议收集基本的性能参数使用工具进行分析 , 将图形化结果展现给客户 ,观 察所谓的 峰值识别资源的限制 用自己的发现提出自己的建议Solaris 性能分析的目的 识别Solaris操作系统的瓶颈 做出增加性能的适当建议 并不作为应用的调试和
2、Kernel调试 从基本的统计数据中发现有用的东西性能管理Section 1 性能管理的定义 性能管理就是：测量, 分析和优化计算资 源，以提供给最终用户可认可的服务一般术语 Throughput Count of number of transactions Latency Time it takes to do something Utilization Amount of resources consumed during action性能的层面 应用 操作系统 硬件 网络 商务Solaris 性能分析Section 3 9基本的原则 系统是一系列的资源 CPU(s) memory bu
3、sses disks, disk controllers networks operating systems DBMS systems (especially locks and internal latches)性能的降低是以上一个或几个资源枯竭所 造成的。10从哪做起 一旦瓶颈被发现，按下列顺序调试： 应用 数据库 硬件 Solaris 内核参数潜在的瓶颈问题 Disk Network Memory CPU磁盘 性能分析Section 3 硬盘瓶颈 无足够空间 响应时间长 不良的规划 RAID 设定 文件系统问题 数据库问题确认硬盘瓶颈 使用 sar, iostat 察看 响应时间, 磁
4、盘使用率, 队列长度 , 请求分配 了解磁盘缓存是否工作相关的访问时间DeviceRealTime Second Rel. timeCPU Register2 nsec2 x 10-92 sec. CPU cache20 nsec 2x10-920 sec. Main Memory2000 nsec.2x10-82-3 min. Disk20msec 2x10-37 monthiostat -x 30extended device statistics device r/s w/s kr/s kw/s wait actv svc_t %w %b fd0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
5、0.0 279.0 0 0 sd0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 sd1 0.1 0.9 0.7 6.3 0.0 0.1 72.1 0 1 sd4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 sd6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 nfs1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0 0 nfs2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 298.1 0 0 nfs3 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 35.4 0 0 Wait 队列长度, 等待磁盘处理的请求个数 svc_
6、t 平均服务时间（毫秒） %w 等待处理请求次数的百分比 %b 忙时百分比 60%有问题iostat I/O size = (kr/s) / (r/s) srv_t 接近磁盘寻址时间 Wait : # OS对磁盘请求等待, 0 warning Actv : # 在磁盘处理中而未完成的请求个 数iostatr/s, w/s: Average reads/writes per second. Kr/s, Kw/s: Average Kb read/written per second. wait: Time spent by a process while waiting for block (e
7、g disk) I/O to complete. actv: Number of active requests in the hardware queue. %w: Occupancy of the wait queue. %b: Occupancy of the active queue with the device busy. svc_t: Service time (ms). Includes everything: wait time, active queue time, seek rotation, transfer time. us/sy: User/system CPU t
8、ime (%). wt: Wait for I/O (%). id: Idle time (%). 使用 iostat查问题The %busy column shows disk utilization. Disks utilized over 65% are a problem; disks over 30%- 35% can be improved by RAID mehtods. Any disk utilized more than 95% is a SERIOUS problem.The service time shows how long an individual disk r
9、equest waits. It should be close to the average seek time of the disk. Spikes of high svc_t are not a problem.This disk is a typical problem disk. The actv column shows that there are 20 outstanding I/O requests against this drive, in addition to being fully busy and very slow.This disk is not a pro
10、blem, despite its high service time, because it is not very busy. It is often useful to compute average I/O size from r/s and Kr/s.# iostat -xc 2extended device statistics cpu device r/s w/s kr/s kw/s wait actv svc_t %w %b us sy wt id md0 41.0 0.0 382.7 0.0 0.0 0.6 14.9 0 41 41 59 0 0 c0t3d0 43.9 2.
11、8 405.4 4.1 0.0 0.7 14.7 1 45 c1t0d0 21.9 2.8 203.8 4.1 0.0 0.3 13.9 0 31 c2t0d0 21.9 2.8 201.6 4.1 0.0 0.3 13.7 0 31 c7t2d0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 c7t3d0 0.0 0.1 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 159.0 0 1 c7t4d0 115.9 2.8 228.4 4.1 0.0 19.7 311.7 1 99Typical I/O size on this disk is Kr / r; in this case ty
12、pical I/O size is 224.8 / 115 = 2K.svc_t includes time waiting in the queue. When svc_t is high, the service time is approx svc_t / actv, about 15ms in this case.actv and wait are respectively the number of requests pending in the disk itself and in the OS waiting to get to the disk. wait 0 is a war
13、ning sign, especially if the disk is in a disk array.iostat磁盘名称 (-n)I/O 每个分区 (-p)可显示磁带的 I/O shownCPU占用资源（-c)显示每个磁盘的信息 (-x)# iostat -xcpn 60extended device statistics cpu device r/s w/s kr/s kw/s wait actv svc_t %w %b us sy wt id rmt0 48.3 0.0 14382.7 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0 91 41 59 0 0 c0t6d0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 c11t14d0 0.2 0.1 1.4 1.2 0.0 0.0 18.6 0 0 c11t14d0s0 0.0 0.1 0.4 1.2 0.0 0.0 24.9 0 0 c11t14d0s1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 c11t14d0s2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.
