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1、IBTIBT 考试正文段部分的九阴真经考试正文段部分的九阴真经例证法例证法“So long as no laws are broken, there isnothing unethical about doing whatever you need to do to promoteexisting products or to create new products.”On the other hand,several convincing arguments can be made for holding business to ahigher ethical standard. First
2、, in many cases government regulationsthat protect consumers lag behind advances in technology. A newmarketing technique made possible by internet technology may beunethical but nevertheless might not be proscribed by the letter of thelaws which predated the Internet. Second, enforceability might no
3、textend beyond geographic borders. Consider, for example, the case of“dumping.” When products fail to comply with U.S. regulations, Americancompanies frequently marketor “dump”such products in third-worldcountries where consumerprotection laws are virtually nonexistent.Third, moral principles form t
4、he basis of government regulation andare, therefore, more fundamental than the law.让步法让步法“Allgroups and organizations should function as teams in which everyonemakes decisions and shares responsibilities and duties. Giving oneperson central authority and responsibility for a project or task isnot an
5、 effective way to get work done.”By way of contrast, atrauma unit in a hospital is a case in which one individual shouldassume responsibility, delegate duties and make decisions. In traumaunits, split-second decisions are inherently part of the daily routine,and it is generally easier for one person
6、 to make a quick decision thanfor a team to agree on how to proceed. One could argue that sincedecisions in trauma units are typically life-and-death ones, leavingthese decisions to one person is too risky. However, this argumentignores the crucial point that only the most experienced individualssho
7、uld be trusted with such a burden and with such power; leavingdecisions to inexperienced group members can jeopardize a patientsvery life.类比法类比法“It is unrealistic toexpect individual nations to make, independently, the sacrificesnecessary to conserve energy. International leadership and worldwidecoo
8、peration are essential if we expect to protect the worlds energyresources for future generations.”Another reason why aninternational effort is required is that other problems of aninternational nature have also required global cooperation. Forexample, has each nation independently recognized the fol
9、ly of nuclearweapons proliferation and voluntarily disarmedNo. Only by way of aninternational effort, based largely on coercion of strong leadersagainst detractors, along with an appeal to self-interest, have we madesome progress. By the same token, efforts of individual nations tothwart internation
10、al drug trafficking have proven largely futile,because efforts have not been internationally based. Similarly, theproblem of energy conservation transcends national borders in thateither all nations must cooperate, or all will ultimately suffer.假设法假设法“The best way to give advice to other people is t
11、o find out what they want and then advise them how to attain it.”Mysecond reason for rejecting this method is that more often than notwhat people want is what is best for them. Parents continually facethis problem when advising their children. For example, suppose a childwants to quit school and get
12、 a job. Surely, the parents would bederelict in helping their child attain this want instead of convincingthe child that continuing education would be in his or her bestinterest.个人经历个人经历“Work greatly influencespeoples personal livestheir special interests, their leisureactivities, even their appeara
13、nce away form the workplace.”Onthe one hand, consider my friend Winson and Yolanda. Winson works as agardener, but after work he creates oil painting s of quality andpoignancy. His leisure time is spent alternately at the sea, in thewilderness, and in dark cafes. Yolanda paints houses for a living,
14、buton his own time he collects fine art and books in first edition, aswell as reading voraciously in the area of American history. Theiroutside activities and appearance speak little about what Winson andYolanda do for a living, because these men view their jobs as littlemore than a means of subsidi
15、zing mere activities that manifest theirtrue selves. At the same time, they have chosen jobs that need notspill over into their personal lives, so the nature of their jobspermits them to maintain a distinctive identity apart from their work.Onthe other hand, consider my friend Beckya business execut
16、ive who livesand breathes her work. After work hours you can invariably find her ata restaurant or bar with colleagues, discussing work. Beckys wardrobeis primarily redright off the dress-for-success page of a womansmagazine. For Becky, her job is clearly an expression of herself-concept. Also, by its nature it demands Beckys attention and timeaway from the workplace. What has determined the influence of work onpersonal lives in these cases is the extent to which each person seeshims
