《美国文选复习提要2》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《美国文选复习提要2（3页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、1七七 Nathaniel Hawthorne 纳撒尼尔纳撒尼尔霍桑霍桑 1804-1864 1 七尖角阁的房子讲述的是作者自己家族的一段历史“ The House of the Seven Gables” deals with the effects of a curse, and though the tale itself is fiction, the germ of the story sprang from the authors family history. 2他是通过观察和聆听别人谈话来获得创作素材的，听人家讲的一些新英格兰口头故事、民间传说及各 种鬼怪趣事 Hawthorn
2、e gathered his material by observing and listening to others whose talk was filled with New England Lore, legend, and superstition. 3 海关大楼 “ The Custom House”; 1852 年的福谷浪漫史 “The Blithedale Romance”; 1846 年他完成了宏篇巨著古厦青苔splendid stories called “Mosses from an Old Manse” 1860 年创作出宝石神像 “The Marble Faun”.
3、 1 霍桑独特的才能主要表现在他能够通过一些极具象征意义的故事来触摸人类灵魂深处的道德品质，最 好的例证便是波士顿清教徒引以自娱的红字 ，小说的每一个字，每一幅画面和每一个事件都能够 达到了一个特定的效果，它讲述了关于罪的故事，罪对不同人的影响以及有些人获得拯救的故事 Hawthornes unique gift was for the creation of strongly symbolic stories which touch the deepest roots of mans moral nature. The finest example is the recreation of
4、Puritan Boston, “The Scarlet Letter”. In this novel each word, image, and event works toward a single effect. It is a complex story of guilt, its effects upon various persons, and how deliverance is obtained for some of them. 2 在他的短篇小说中，他通过活生生，极有象征意味的想象来体现人类社会的一些重大道德问题 his ability to create vivid an
5、d symbolic images that embody great moral questions appear strongly in his short stories。霍桑的杰出之处在于他能把一个故事安放在自己设置的正义标准之中来讲述，他在书中所讲 的正义标准成为了当时人们的道德参考 it was Hawthornes ability to make a story exist in its own right but at the same time appear as a moral symbol. 霍桑同埃德加阿伦坡并称为美国短篇小说现代艺术大师， 他们都创作了独一无二的小说形
6、式样 Hawthorne shares with Edgar Allan Poe the distinction of advancing the art of the short story, giving to the form qualities that are uniquely American。霍桑同麦尔维尔一样都采 用了讲故事的手法来探讨生活的意义 to Hawthorne and Melville, hower, the telling of a tale was a way of inquiring into the meaning of life. 3 他的作品还有：伊桑布
7、兰德 、 小伙子布朗 、 海德格博士的体验 、 野心勃勃的客人 、 巨石 脸 。 “Ethan Brand”; “Young Goodman Brown”; “Dr. Heideggers Experiment”; “The Ambitious Guest”; “The Great Stone Face”. 4 教材作品：红字：“The Scarlet Letter”八、Herman Melville 赫尔曼赫尔曼麦尔维尔麦尔维尔 1819-1891 1 白鲸主要讲述了一个为追捕一只想象中的神秘白鲸的漫长海上故事，这本书达到了象征主义手法 的创作高峰，这种写法强烈地吸引了现在社会的读者 “Mo
8、by Dick”, a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in pursuit of a seemingly supernatural white whale. The book is steeped in symbolism, another strong appeal to readers of his century. 21846 年泰皮出版后，他被称为“同食人族生活的人” “ Typee”, became known as the “man who lived among cannibals” 1847 年后续集欧穆同样大获成功“Omoo
9、”； 1849 年雷德本 “Bedburn”; 1850 年白外衣 “White-Jacket”; 1891 年比利伯德 “Billy Budd” 3两部哲学性小说玛地 、 皮埃尔two other philosophical novels “Mardi”, “Pierre”. 代笔者巴特贝 是有诗歌风味的短篇故事“Bartleby the Scrivener”. 还有两本短篇小说，即班内托西兰尼和比 利伯德 （最后一部）two celebrated short novels “Benito Cereno” and “Billy Budd”. 比利伯德同 白鲸一样都运用船来象征社会，苦苦追寻和
10、探讨了人类善与恶的问题，船就是社会的一个缩影，2里面有各种各样的人物 uses a ship as symbol of society and searchingly examines the problems of good and evil. Ahabs ship was like a world in miniature with characters from all walks of life. 4教材作品：白鲸：“Moby Dick”九、Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 亨利亨利沃兹沃思沃兹沃思朗费罗朗费罗 1807-1882 11833-1835 创作完成散文
11、浪漫作品海外记游his prose romance “Outre-Mer”; 2在海华沙中，他采用芬兰民间故事写作手法追忆了美洲印第安人的传说 using Finish folk meter in his celebration of American Indian Legends in “Hiawatha”.他最大的成就就是他使诗歌成为了人人都能看， 都能写的一种文学体裁 his greatest virtue is that he made poetry seem worth reading and worth writing. 31838 年他第一部诗集名叫夜吟Longfellows f
12、irst collection of poems entitled “Voices of the Night”； 1839 年浪漫散文作品许珀里翁出版“Hyperion” the prose romance.。 1841 年歌谣及其他 “Ballads and other Poems”; 1842 年奴隶制度诗篇 “Poems on Slavery”; 1847 年诗歌伊凡吉林 “Evangeline”; 1855 年海华沙之歌 “Song of Hiawatha”; 1858 年迈克尔斯坦狄什的求婚 “The Courtship of Miles Standish”; 戏剧作品迈克尔安吉洛d
13、ramatic work “Michael Angelo” 翻译作品神曲翻译成就最高“Divine Comedy”. 4他的其它作品：金星号遇难 、 人生礼赞 、 精益求精 、 乡村铁匠 、 逝去的青春“The Wreck of the Hesperus”; “A Psalm of Life”; “Excelsior”; “The Village Blacksmith”; “My Lost Youth”. 5朗费罗去世后被安葬在威斯敏斯特教堂的诗人之角，他也是美国惟一获此殊荣的诗人，他的诗歌因高 雅宜人，纯正有韵味而大受欢迎 after his death, he became the onl
14、y American to be honored with a bust in the Poets corner of Westminster Abbey. The gentleness, sweetness, and purity for which his poetry was popular during his lifetime. 6教材作品：人生礼赞：“A Psalm of Life”;奴隶的梦：“The Slaves Dream”;逝去的青春 ；“My Lost Youth”;海华沙之歌 海华沙的禁食 “The Song of Hiawatha Hiawathas Fasting”
15、十十Walt Whitman 沃尔特沃尔特惠特曼惠特曼 1819-1892 1.美国文学史上极其重要的、具有创新精神的作家之一，他的草叶集中系列诗歌是美国文学史上 第一部真正的史诗 one of the great innovators in American literature. In the cluster of poems he called “Leaves of Grass” he gave America its first genuine epic poem.他所创造的这种诗体叫做自由诗，在这种 诗歌中，没有固定的节拍，也没有有规律的韵脚，惠特曼认为传统的格律诗不适合表达民主之声
16、 the poetic style he devised is now called free verse-that is, poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme. Whitman thought that the voice of democracy should not be haltered by traditional forms of verse. 2.1855 年出版草叶集第一部，其中的大部分作品表达的主题是人类与大自然。有一部分诗歌描写 的是令作者痴迷的纽约，少量诗歌还对内战进行了描写，在诗歌中，惠特曼把各种具有平民思想的 普通人，社会下层的不同个体的理念有机地结合了起来 most
