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1、1UnitUnit 4 4 SharingSharing 单元加餐练.阅读理解A AThe meaning of the word “volunteer” may be a little different in different countries, but it usually means “one who offers his or her services”. There are many different ways in which people can volunteer, such as taking care of sick people, working in homes
2、 for homeless children, and picking up garbage from beaches and parks. Volunteers may work within their own countries or in other countries. They are often people with a strong wish to help those who are less fortunate than themselves. Volunteers dont expect any kind of pay.At the root of volunteeri
3、ng is the idea that one person may have the ability to offer services that can help other people. Tracy, a good friend of mine, however, recently came back from India with a new idea of what being a volunteer means. She worked for two and a half weeks in one of Mother Teresas homes in Calcutta. The
4、following is her story.“I first heard about Mother Teresa in my high school. We watched a video about her work in India and all over the world. I was so moved by her spirit to help others and her endless love for every human being that after I graduated from high school, I also wanted to try her kin
5、d of work. So with two friends I flew to Calcutta for a few weeks.”“I was asked to work in a home for sick people. I helped wash clothes and sheets, and pass out lunch. I also fed the people who were too weak to feed themselves and tried to cheer them up. I felt it was better to share with them than
6、 to think that I have helped them. To be honest, I dont think I was helping very much. It was then that I realized that I had not really come to help, but to learn about and experience another culture that helped improve my own understanding of life and the world.”篇章导读：本文为夹叙夹议文，主要介绍了 Tracy 对 volunte
7、er 一词的新的体会及理解。1According to the text, a volunteer refers to a person who _ .Ais willing to help those in need without payBcan afford to travel to different placesChas a strong wish to be successfulDhas made a big fortune in life答案：A 细节理解题。根据第一段的“one who offers his or her services”和第一段最后一句“Volunteers
8、 dont expect any kind of pay.”可确定答案为 A。2Why did Tracy choose to be a volunteer?AShe liked to work with Mother Teresa.2BShe had already had some experience.CShe was asked by Mother Teresa.DShe wanted to follow Mother Teresas example.答案：D 推理判断题。根据第三段第三句“I was so moved by her spirit . I also wanted to
9、try her kind of work.”可知，她想以 Mother Teresa 为榜样。3What is Tracys “new idea” (in Paragraph 2) of being a volunteer?AGoing abroad to help the sick.BWorking in Mother Teresas home.CDoing simple things to help the poor.DImproving oneself through helping others.答案：D 推理判断题。由第三、四段内容可知，Tracy 怎样在实践 volunteer 的
10、过程中逐渐形成了新的体验和认识，且从文中最后一句可知 new idea 的含义。4What is the best title for the passage?AHow to Be a VolunteerBVoluntary Life in IndiaCA Different Meaning of VolunteerDInspiration from Mother Teresa答案：C 标题判断题。本文以 volunteer 作为导入，讲 Tracy 对 volunteer 的新体会和与以前不同的理解。C 项切合文章的主题。B BChimps (黑猩猩) will cooperate in c
11、ertain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their territory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct (本能) to help one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children, who ar
12、e able from a young age to gather their own food.In the laboratory, chimps dont naturally share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor in the next cage, he will pull at ran
13、domhe just doesnt care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.Human children, on the other hand, are naturally cooperative. From the earliest ages, they desire to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasell
14、o has studied this cooperativeness in a series of experiments with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and
15、 share are not taught, but naturally possessed in young children. One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to 3train their children to behave socially. Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason i
16、s that social intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive (认知的) skills, at least when compared with chimps. In tests conducted by Tomasello, the human children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world.The core of what childrens minds have and chimps dont is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality. Part of this ability is that they can infer what ot
