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1、专题专题 8 情态动词和虚拟语气（二）情态动词和虚拟语气（二）四、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中 （1）表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be 动词的过 去式用 were） ” ，而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形” 。 如：If I were a boy, I would join the army.（2）表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语 动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过去分词” 。如： If he had ta
2、ken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition. （3）表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或 should(were to) + 动 词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用 would / should/could might + 动词原形。如； If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off. （4）当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要 根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。如： If they had
3、 worked hard, they would be very tired.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在) 注意：有时侯在使用时可省略 if,句子则可换成下列形式，即“were / had / should +主语” 。 如： Were I a boy, I would join the army. Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded. 五、虚拟语气用于名词性从句 （1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是就好了”等。表示现在不能 实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来
4、不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语 动词用“would/could + 动词原形” ；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”或“could(should) + have + 过去分词” 。如： I wish it were spring all the year round. I wish I had known the answer. 在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词 suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order 等后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用 should + 动词原形或是动词原形。
5、如： She suggested we (should)leave here at once. （2）虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。 作表示建议、要求、命令等的名词 advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request 等的表语从句和同位语 从句，从句中的谓语动词用“（should）+ 动词原形” 。如： His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful. My idea is that they (should)pay 100 dollars. （3）虚
6、拟语气在主语从句中的运用。 在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should + 动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、 理应如此等。如： It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that we should clean the room every day. It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you should be so careless. 注意：这种从句表示的是事实。如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气。 反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that 从句也可用陈述句
7、语气。如： It is pity that you cant swim.六、虚拟语气在其他场合的运用 （1）虚拟语气在 as if/as though、even if/even though 等引导的表语从句或状语从句中，如 果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况，则用一般过去时；指将来状 况则用过去将来时。如： He did it as if he were an expert. （2）虚拟语气用于定语从句中。 这种从句常用于句型“It is (high)time (that) ”中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be 用 were)或 should + 动词原形，意思是“(
8、现在)该” 。如： Its time that I picked up my daughter. （3）虚拟语气用在 if only 引导的感叹句中。如： If only I had taken his advice. I.单句语法填空单句语法填空 1 Everyone in my class passed the exam. Oh，really？It _ difficult. (cant have been /neednt have been/must be /mightnt be) 【解析】cant have been 表示否定的推测应使用 cant /cannot。 对过去进行推测，表示
9、“一定不”应使用 cant have done。 2 Some people who dont like to talk much are not necessarily shy；they _ just be quiet people.(must /may/should /would) 【解析】may 句意为：有些人不喜欢讲话不一定是害羞，他们可能是安静的人。此处 用 may 表示“可能”之意。 3 Why didnt you answer the phone last night? I _ (sleep)when you called. 【解析】must have been sleeping
10、 由时间状语和结合语境来看，这是对过去某个时间点正 在发生事情的肯定推测，再结合题意，应该是 must have been doing 结构。 4 When I lived with my roommates in the university, we _ often talk into the night. (might/must/should/would) 【解析】would 这里描述的是过去经常发生的动作(或过去经常做的事情)。 5 This is the first time I _ (take)my first picture with my own hands. It is tim
11、e that you _ a picture for me. 【解析】have taken This/It is the first time that中，从句的谓语动词通常用现在完成式；6 Why hasnt Jack come back yet？Can anything have happened to him? Im not sure, but I guess something _(have). 【解析】may have 推测发生过的事情时情态动词后要接完成式。 7 Liza_ well not want to go on the trip she hates traveling. (
12、will/can/must /may) 【解析】may . may well (not) do sth.意为“很可能(不)干某事，完全(没)有可能干某事” 。 8The soccer team has been doing well this season，so they _ win the championship. (should/might/would/must) 【解析】should 句意为：这个足球队在这个季度训练得很好，因此，他们应该会赢 得冠军。 根据常理进行推测表示“应该”时用 should。 9 What does the sign over there read? No p
13、erson _ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette in this area. (will /shall /may /must) 【解析】shall.答句句意为：任何人在这里都不能吸烟或者是携带点燃的香烟。 Shall 在这里表示强制， 用于法令、条约、规章中，意为“必须，应该” 。 10For environmental reasons，we _ as well take these waste products and have them recycled. (should/would/might /could) 【解析】might.所填词与 as wel
14、l 构成固定搭配，意思是“不妨 ，还是 为 好”用 may/might. 11We _ (be)here at lunch time; we were delayed at the airport, though. 【解析】would have been . would have done sth.表示与已经发生的事实相反，意思是“本 来会但实际没有” 。句意为：我们本来能在午餐时到达，但我们在机场被延误了。 12You _ buy a gift，but you can if you want to. (must /mustnt/have to/dont have to) 【解析】dont h
15、ave to。dont have to 意为“没有必要” ，符合语境。 句意为：你没有必要买礼物，但如果你想买的话，你也可以买。 13 May I take this book out of the reading room? No，you_. You read it in here. (mightnt /wont /neednt /mustnt) 【解析】mustnt 本题考查情态动词的用法。表示“禁止；千万别做某事”时，要用 mustnt。14 I havent got the reference book yet， but Ill have a test on the subject next month. Dont worry. You _have it by Friday. (could /shall/must /may) 【解析】shall 当主语为第二、三人称时，情态动词 shall 表示说话人给对方命令、 警告、允诺或威胁，本句表示允诺。 15.George is going to talk about the geography of his country，but Id rather he _ (focus) more on its c
