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1、1猪 苓zhulingPOLYPORUS本品为多孔菌科真菌猪苓 Polyporus umbellatus（Pers.）Fries 的干燥菌核。春、秋二季采挖，除去泥沙，干燥。【性状】 本品呈条形、类圆形或扁块状，有的有分枝，长 525cm，直径26cm。表面黑色、灰黑色或棕黑色，皱缩或有瘤状突起。体轻，质硬，断面类白色或黄白色，略呈颗粒状。气微，味淡。【鉴别】 （1）本品切面：全体由菌丝紧密交织而成。外层厚 2754m ，菌丝棕色，不易分离；内部菌丝无色，弯曲，直径 210m，有的可见横隔，有分枝或呈结节状膨大。菌丝间有众多草酸钙方晶，大多呈正方八面体形、规则的双锥八面体形或不规则多面体，直径
2、 360m，长至 68m，有时数个结晶集合。（2）取本品粉末 1g，加稀盐酸 10ml，置水浴上煮沸 15 分钟，搅拌，呈黏胶状。另取本品粉末少量，加氢氧化钠溶液（15）适量，搅拌，呈悬浮状。（2）取本品粉末 1g，加甲醇 20ml，超声处理 30 分钟，滤过，滤液作为供试品溶液。取麦角甾醇对照品，加甲醇制成每 1ml 含 1mg 的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（附录 B）试验，吸取供试品溶液 20l、对照品溶液4l，分别点于同一硅胶 G 薄层板上，以石油醚-乙酸乙酯（3:1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以 2%香草醛硫酸溶液，在 105加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱
3、相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。【检查】水分 不得超过 14.0%（附录 H 第一法）。总灰分 不得过 12.0%（附录 K）。2酸不溶性灰分 不得过 5.0%（附录 K）。【浸出物】 照水溶性浸出物测定法项下的冷浸法（附录 A）测定，不得少于 2.0%【含量测定】 照高效液相色谱法（附录 D）测定。色谱条件与系统适用性试验 以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇为流动相；检测波长为 283 nm。理论板数按麦角甾醇峰计算应不低于 5000。对照品溶液的制备 取麦角甾醇对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml 含麦角甾醇 0.05 mg 的溶液，即得。供试品溶液的制备 取本品粉末（过四号筛）约
4、 0.5g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入甲醇 10 mL，称定重量，超声处理（功率 220W，频率50kHz）1 小时，放冷，再称定重量，加甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液即得。测定法 分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各 20 l，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。本品按干燥品计算，含麦角甾醇 (C28H44O)不得少于 0.07%。【炮制】除去杂质，浸泡，洗净，润透，切厚片，干燥。本品呈类圆形或不规则扁块状。体轻，质硬，外表皮黑色或棕黑色，切面类白色或黄白色，略呈颗粒状。气微，味淡。【检查】水分 同药材，不得过 13.0%。总灰分 同药材，不得过 10.0%。酸不溶性灰分 同药材，
5、不得过 5.0%。【含量测定】 同药材，含麦角甾醇 (C28H44O)不得少于 0.05%。【鉴别】（除切面外）【浸出物】同药材。3【性味与归经】甘、淡，平。归肾、膀胱经。【功能与主治】利水渗湿。用于小便不利，水肿，泄泻，淋浊，带下。【用法用量】 612g。【贮藏】置通风干燥处。（注：未统稿）Polyorus(猪苓，猪苓，Zhuling)ChulingChuling is the dried sclerotium of Polyporus umbellatus (Pers.) Fries (Fam. 4Polyporaceae). The drug is collected in spring
6、 and autumn, removed from soil, and dried.Description Strip-shaped, subrounded or compressed-lumped, sometimes branched, 5-25 cm long, 2-6 cm in diameter. Externally black, greyish-black or brownish-black, crumpled or warty. Light. Texture, hard, fracture whitish or yellowish-white, somewhat granula
7、r. Odour, slight; taste, week.Identification (1) Section: All consisting of densely interweaved hyphae. The outer layer 27-54 m thick, hyphae brown, uneasily separated; the inner hyphae colourless, sinuous, 2-10 m in diameter, sometimes septa visible, with branches or tubercular swellings. Numerous
8、prisms of calcium oxalate among the hyphae, mostly in octahedron cubes, regular double-conical octahedrons or irregular polyhedrons 3-60 m in diameter, up to 68 m long, sometimes with several crystals aggregated.(2) Boil 1 g of the powder with 10 ml of dilute hydrochloric acid on a water bath for 15
9、 minutes, and stir; a viscose is produced. To a small quantity of powder, add a quantity of sodium hydroxide solution (1:5) and stir; a suspension is produced.Water Not more than 14.0 per cent (Appendix A).Total ash Not more than 12.0 per cent (Appendix K).Acid-insoluble ash Not more than 8.0 per ce
10、nt (Appendix K).Extractives Carry out the method for determination of water-soluble extractives (Appendix A) using water as the solvent, not less than 2.0 per cent.Assay Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography (Appendix D).Chromatography system and system suitability Use octa
11、decylsilane bonded silica gel as the stationary phase and a 100% methanol as the mobile phase. As detector a 5spectrophotometer set at 283 nm. The number of theoretical plates of the column is not less than 5000, calculated with the reference to the perk of ergosterol.Reference solution Dissolve a q
12、uantity of ergosterol, accurately weighed, in methanol to produce a solution containing 50 g per milliliter as the reference solution.Test solution Weigh accurately 0.5 g of the powder (through No. 4 sieve) in a conical flask with stopper, add 10 ml of methanol, accurately measured, weigh accurately
13、, and ultrasonicate (power, 220 W; frequency, 50 kHz) for 1h, cool and weigh again, make up the loss in weight with methanol to the initial weight and mix well.Procedure Inject accurately 20 l of the reference solution and the test solution, respectively, into the column, and calculate the content.I
14、t contains not less than 0.07% of ergosterol (C28H44O), calculated with reference to the dried drug.Processing Eliminate foreign matter, soak in water, wash clean, soften thoroughly, cut into thick slices, and dry.Action To induce urination and remove damp.Indications Oliguria, edema, diarrhea, dysuria, leukorrhalgia.Usage and dosage 6-12 g.Storage Preserve in a ventilated and dry place.
