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1、The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin作者，本杰明富兰克林。是启蒙主义代表人物（The Literature of Reason and Revolution）。杰明富兰克林，美国著名的思想家、政治家、外交家、科学家和实业家。出生于波士顿一个皂烛制造商家庭，但他通过在空闲时间刻苦学习，通晓了法语、意大利语、西班牙语和拉丁语，还大量阅读了欧洲各国的历史、哲学、文学著作，对自然科学和政治经济学也有很深的研究。这些努力使他成为 18 世纪的佼佼者，并领导美国人民打赢了独立战争。他在 20 多岁时就提出了以十三项美德来完善自己的人格修养，鞭策自己在为人处世、待人接
2、物方面臻于完美。这一举动改变了富兰克林的人生轨迹，使他成为后人仰慕的楷模。1706,born in Boston.He only spent two years in the local school because of lack of money.1718,an apprentice with brother James in printing shop.only to be allowed Journeymans wages1728,opened printing office in Philadelphia,PA1729,becomes sole owner and publisher
3、 of Pennsylvania Gazette.1730,married.1731,found first public library.1732,began to issue Poor Richard s Almance(an annual collection of proverbs,first spreed his reputation,the most of book of its kind,largely because of Franklin s shrewd humor)1736,lost one son and retired from printing1744,invent
4、ed stove（炉）.1748,sold his business to get leisure（空闲）1752,Kite experiment.lightning Rod1757,be sent to England to protest against the influence of the Penns in the government of the colony.1760,invented Armonica（口琴）1764,was again dispatched to England as agent for the colony.This time to petition(向。
5、请愿) the King to resume the government from the hands of proprietious.1767,cross to France, received with honor.1775,was dispatched to France as commission for the United States.1776,signs Declaration of Independence.1778,negotiated Treaty of Alliance with France.1782,negotiated Treaty of Peace with
6、Great Britain.1782,invented bifocals(远视近视双用眼镜）1787,signed Constitution of the United States.1790,died in Philadelphia.第一大人生错误因刊登一篇政治观点不正确的文章，哥哥被捕了，当然后来被释放了。但他说在这个事件中犯了人生中第一个重大错误，导致与哥哥关系陷入困境。所以他决定离家出走，去纽约。二大错误，在财务上犯了错富兰克林有一个发小柯林斯，他们从小就在一起读书，数学学得很好，后来还学了会计。他们在纽约相遇了并相约一起去费城。富兰克林发现在他离开波士顿、柯林斯去纽约的那个时期，原先
7、爱学习又上进的好青年柯林斯染上了酗酒和赌博的毛病。酗酒让他丧失了很多机会。在船上，当时的纽约总督伯内特得知有青年乘客带了很多书，就特地约见他俩。但是柯林斯喝得不省人事，富兰克林只得只身前往。总督非常客气，带他参观了硕大的藏书室。富兰克林说，这是让我享受其眷顾之荣的第二位总督，像我这样一个穷孩子，真是感到喜出望外。与运气满满的富兰克林相反，满嘴酒气的柯林斯在费城想找一份财会工作的愿望一直没能实现。雇主一看到他醉醺醺的样子就拒绝雇佣他，因此，去往费城和待在费城的整个时期，富兰克林不得不负担起柯林斯的全部路费和生活费。如果没有哥哥约翰让他代为保管的那笔钱，富兰克林可能都没法回到费城。而柯林斯知道这笔
8、钱后，不断向他借钱，说是一有了工作就会还他。结果自然是永远都没有还上。富兰克林说动用这笔不属于自己的钱让他十分焦虑不安，而且，这也是他一生最早犯的大错之一。柯林斯常常喝酒误事，因而两人发生口角也越来越多，关系越来越冷淡。当有一位雇主愿意找他去当儿子们的家庭教师时，柯林斯当即离开了富兰克林，答应一领到钱就立刻还钱给他。当然，此后此人便失去了音信Purpose of writing the autobiography1.Benjamin liked obtaining anecdotes of his ancestors, he thought his son may also want to k
9、now his life and there still many things his son didnt know. So the autobiography was wrote .2.To share his philosophy of life for childrens reference.Because his philosophy of life made him well success from poverty to some degree of reputation in the world and considerable share of felicity. At th
10、e same time,his posterity may like to know,as they may find some of them suitable to their own situations.Therefore he thought his philosophy of life was fit to be imitated and wrote this autobiography.3.To make recollection as durable as possible. He had a wish to replay his life and correct some f
11、aults of his life, change some sinister accidents and events of it for others more favorable. This is human,regret did something or regret not do something and hope to change them,but its impossible. Due to its impossible to replay the life, he want to recollect his life and remember it. So he wrote
12、 this autobiography.4.He shall a good deal gratify his own vanity.Because it is often productive of good to the possessor and to others that are within his sphere of action.Benjamin said that “In many cases,it would not be altogether absurd if a man were to thank God for his vanity among the other c
13、omforts of life.”Thats true,if there is a good thing happen to me ,I couldnt help to tell it to my friends and family.So gratify is a purpose of his writing this autobiography.All his writing purpose was mentioned in Chapter 1 of his autobiography. From the writing purpose we can see he was a good f
14、ather or may grandfather. What his main purpose was to give his posterity a reference.18 Century reflected by The autobiography of Benjamin FranklinWe can see 18 century of American was full of business and people profits from the went after profits from the autobiography of Benjamin Franklin.Benjam
15、in was taken from grammar-school to learn wring and arithmetic because of obtain-reasons by his father. At ten years old he was taken home to assist his father in business.And nearly most of his early life was do business of printing.The government also encourage people to do business. When Keith kn
16、ew Benjamins letter and his age, he encouraged Benjamin to open his own printing office. Although Benjamins father think he was too young to have a big business. Keimer and Colonel French assurd him he should have their interest and influence in procuring the public business of both governments. From this,we can see that the government was support people to do business, at least, was not prohibited.In the autobiography,Benjamin also mentioned that he had been a governor and his posi
