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1、Appetizer n21.最近的人口统计显示中国人口已超过13亿。 n误 The latest census shows that Chinas population has surpassed 1.3 billion. n22. 我希望你不要拖我的后腿。 n误 I hope that you wont pull my leg. 23. 学校里，那些长得人高马大的家伙常来找我的麻烦。 n误 At school, those big and strong guys always come to find my trouble. n24. 原来如此。一经你解释我就明白了。 n误 So it is
2、. I understand soon after your explanation. n25. 我没料到这个无耻的女人居然同她好友的丈夫调情。 n误 I had not expected that this shameful woman should flirt with her best friends husband. 21.正 The latest census shows that Chinas population exceeds 1.3 billion. n注：surpass 和 exceed 译成中文虽然都是“超过， 胜过”的意思，但出现具体数字时要用后者。 22. 正 I h
3、ope that you wont hold me back. n注：pull ones leg 是“愚弄某人，开某人的玩笑”的 意思，相当于 make fun of sb.。英语中与“拖后腿” 相对应的表达是 hold sb. back 或 be a drag on sb. 等。 23. 正 At school, those big and strong guys always come to pick on me. n注：find my trouble 是“发现我的难处”的意思，而英 语中“找某人的麻烦”用短语 pick on sb. 它不仅表示“ 挑剔某人、找某人的碴”，而且还包含 te
4、ase（取笑 、戏弄）或 bully（威胁、欺侮）的意思。 24. 正 So thats how it is. I understand soon after your explanation. n注: 在表达恍然大悟时，英文要用 So thats how it is 或 So that explains it, 或更简单地道的说法 Oh, I see. nSo it is 的意思是“的确如此”，它是用来表示对对方观点的赞同的 。例如： nA: It is a fine day today! B: So it is. 25. 正 I had not expected that this sha
5、meless woman should flirt with her best friends husband. n注：shameful 通常指某事物是“可耻的，丢脸的”，而 shameless 表示 having or showing no feeling of shame; immodest or impudent,它一般用来指人“不知羞耻的，不要脸的” 或“伤风败俗的”。原文也可译为：Its shameful that the woman should flirt with her best friends husband. Chapter 6 词类转译法(conversion of p
6、arts of speech)在英译汉的过程中，有些句子可以逐词对译，有些句子则由 于英汉两种语言的表达方式不同，就不能用“一个萝卜一个坑”的 方法来逐词对译。翻译时在保持原文内容不变的前提下，改变原 文中某些词的此类，以求译文通顺自然，合乎译入语的表达习惯 。 如: For 20 years they were passive witnesses to the deterioration of prices of our raw materials and an excessive increase of the prices of manufactured goods. 原译：在20年中，
7、他们是原材料价格下跌、工业品价格暴涨的消 极目击者。 改译： 20年中，他们见证了原材料价格下跌、工业品价格暴涨。 This watch never varies more than a second in a month.这 块表一个月的误差从不超过一秒。 英语中的vary改变，不同）为动词，汉语没有这样的表达习惯， 所以只能将其转换为名词“误差”.n6.1.1 英语的名词、形容词转换为汉语的动词、副词n英语中具有动作意义或动词转化来的名词，在翻译时往往转换为动词 ，而修饰该名词的形容词便可相应地转换为副词。n例如： We also realized the growing need and
8、 necessity to industrialize certain sectors of the economy. n The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的机声，我感到心驰神往。There is bit increase in demand for all kinds of consumer goods in every part of our country. nThe design aims at automatic operation，easy reg
9、ulation， simple maintenance and high productivity.设计的目的在于自动操作，调节方便，维护简易，生产率高。n英语和汉语比较起来，汉语中动词用得比较多，这是一个特点，往往 在英语句子中只用一个谓语动词，而在汉语中却可以几个动词或动词 性结构连用。因此，英语中不少词类（尤其是名词、介词、形容词和 副词）在汉译时往往可以转译成动词。n具有动作意义或有动词转化过来的名词，如果后面 跟着起引导作用短语，前后两个名词往往是属于动 宾关系，可译成汉语的动宾短语。n例如： His real mission in life was to contribute, i
10、n one way or another, to the overthrow of ruthless dictators. n这种句型有时也可以译成主谓（宾）结构。n例如：This pessimistic forecast speaks of the destruction of the balance of nature-pollution, waste and hunger. Party officials worked long hours on meager food，iii cold caves，.by dim lamps.党的干部每天长时间工作，吃的是粗茶淡饭，住的 是冰冷的窑洞，
11、点的是黯淡的油灯。nThe victory of justice over arbitrary acts, of reason over decadence and blindness, of democracy over imperialism, of good over evil, our victory of 25 October will represent one of the glorious pages of our history, and we shall be able to leave it to our heirs. n6.1.2 英语的动词、副词转换为汉语的名词、形容
12、词， 如英语动词转换成汉语名词，修饰英语动词的副词随 之转换成汉语的形容词。n例如： Independent observers have commented favorably on the achievements you have made in this direction.nThe volume of trade has increased tremendously to the advantage of both countries. n6.1.3 英语的形容词转换为汉语的动词：可转换为汉语 动词的英语形容词以现在分词和过去分词或动词同根 者居多，也有其他可以延伸为动词的形容词。n
13、3. 英语中有些加后缀-er的名词，如teacher教师，thinker 思想家等等，有时在句中并不指其身份和职业，而是含有 较强的动作意味，在汉语中没有恰当的对应名词时，往往 可以译成动词。如：n1) I am afraid I cant teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I. n我未必会教你游泳。我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。n2) Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young mans past wron
14、g doings. 在和儿子谈话时，老人宽恕了年轻人过去所干的坏事。n4. 作为习语主体的名词往往可以转译成动词，如：n1) They took a final look at Iron Mike, still intact in the darkness.他们最后看了铁麦克一眼-它依旧安然无恙地耸立在黑暗 中。n2) The next news bulletin, shorter than usual, made no mention of the demonstration. 下一个新闻节目比通 常短，没有提到游行。n例如：We seek a deep-rooted understandi
15、ng through the multiplication of our economic, cultural, scientific, technical and human ties. n In Chinas approach to relations with other countries, we find a welcome emphasis on the principles of the equality of states and respect for the rights and views of small and middle powers. n英语用以表示知觉、感情、
16、欲望等心理状态的形容词 与联系动词构成复合谓语时，汉译时一般总是转换为 动词。afraid 害怕；content 满足；anxious 渴望； delighted 高兴；aware 觉察、知道；doubtful 怀疑；careful 当心、注意；familiar 熟悉； certain 确信；glad 高兴 grateful 感谢；thankful 感谢； ignorant 不知道； unaware 不知道； sorry 遗憾； uncertain 不能确定 sure 肯 定、确信n n6.1.4 6.1.4 英语的名词（形容词加后缀构成）转换成汉语的形容词英语的名词（形容词加后缀构成）转换成汉语的形容词 例如：例如：We are deeply convinced of the We are deeply convinced of the correctness correctness of this poli
