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1、内容摘要内容摘要近几年，随着在各类基坑中开挖围护桩和承载基桩的广泛应用，桩基工程的施工质量越来越受到工程技术人员和建造者及使用者的重视。由于桩基施工的隐蔽性，成桩后也不易检查验收，尽管目前此桩基施工工艺正日益完善，但往往由于各种质量因素的影响，往往使得成桩质量不理想，为了保证施工质量，采取正确的控制措施，采取先进的桩体质量检测手段以确保桩基施工质量就显得极为重要。而随着市区建设和改造的步伐加快，在建筑物密集地区打桩施工对周围环境的影响和危害日益严重，灌注桩因其在施工过程中无挤土、无振动、无噪声，同时能建造比预制桩直径大的多的桩，适用于各种地基而成为取代打入桩的重要桩型，应用日益广泛。钻孔灌注桩
2、是按成桩方法分类而定义的一种桩型，是指在工程现场通过机械钻孔、钢管挤土或人力挖掘等手段在地基土中形成桩孔，并在其内放置钢筋笼、灌注混凝土而做成的桩，依照成孔方法不同，灌注桩又可分为沉管灌注桩、钻孔灌注桩和挖孔灌注桩等几类。钻孔灌注桩是民用和工业建筑广泛应用的一种基础形式，具有适应性强、施工操作简单、设备投入不大等优点。但是由于钻孔灌注桩的施工大部分是在地面以下进行，其施工过程无法直接观察，成桩后也不能进行直接开挖验收，它又是最容易出现质量问题的一种基础形式。目前在钻孔灌注桩施工过程中主要存在以下问题：桩位施工放线时存在误差导致桩位偏移过大；成孔过程中孔壁坍塌、缩径、桩孔偏斜；钢筋笼安装时标高与
3、设计标高不符，钢筋笼上浮；混凝土浇筑过程中堵管、桩身砼夹泥或断桩等问题。而上述问题一旦发生，将会给桩基的施工质量造成严重的影响。分析钻孔灌注桩在施工过程中可能发生的事故，进行必要的防范是保证钻孔灌注桩成桩质量，确保基础工程安全的重要措施。本文通过研究钻孔灌注桩设计原理和施工工艺，简要分析钻孔灌注桩施工过程中可能存在的几种质量问题提出了相应的防范和解决措施。 关键字：关键字：钻孔灌注桩； 质量控制； 施工流程； 文明施工AbstractRecent Years, with all kinds of foundation pit excavation in the retaining piles
4、and foundation pile bearing extensive application, quality of the construction of the pile foundation engineering by more and more engineering and technical personnel and the builder and the users attention. Because the concealment of the pile foundation construction , after the pile is not easy to
5、check and accept , Although at present the pile foundation construction technology is increasingly perfect, but usually because of the quality factors, often makes the quality of pile is not ideal. In order to ensure construction quality, adopt the correct control measures, adopt the advanced pile b
6、ody quality detection means to ensure the quality of pile foundation construction is very important. And with the city construction and renovation of the pace, crowded areas in building construction the surrounding environment of piling effect and harm the increasingly serious, because the filling p
7、ile in construction process, no soil compaction no vibration, without noise, also can build the large in diameter than precast piles of pile, applicable to all kinds of foundation and become the important pile to replace into pile type, is applied more and more widely.Filling pile in the engineering
8、 department is to point to by mechanical drilling, steel tube soil squeeze or human mining in such means as the foundation soil pile formed in the hole, and placed them in reinforcing cage, pouring concrete piles and made, in accordance with different methods to pore, piles and can be divided into d
9、riven cast-in-place piles, bored piles and piles of several dug hole etc. Bored piles according to the classification is pile and definition of a kind of pile type.At present in the bored pile construction mainly exist in the process of the following problems: a pile construction when error resultin
10、g in a pile of pay-off there a migration too big, In the process of a hole wall collapsed, shrink diameter, pile hole deflection; Reinforcing cage installation elevation and design elevation with discrepancies, reinforcing cage up-floating; In the process of concrete wall tube, pile body concrete cl
11、ip mud or breaking pile. And the above problems if it happens, will give the quality of the construction of the pile foundation caused serious influence.Bored pile is civil and industrial building extensive application form of foundation, has the strong adaptability, and construction, simple operati
12、on, equipment investment is not big, etc. But because most of the cast-in-place pile construction on the ground below, the construction process cannot direct observation, pile should not take direct excavation after acceptance, it is the most easy to appear quality problem of a form of foundation. A
13、nalysis of the cast-in-place pile in construction process possible accident, to prevent is to guarantee the quality of pile cast-in-place pile, ensure the safety of the important foundation engineering measures. This article through studies cast-in-place pile design principle and construction proces
14、s, briefly analyzes bored pile construction process may, there exist several quality problems and corresponding prevention and solving measures, so as to provide a reference for the similar projects. Key words: cast-in-situ bored pile; Quality control; Construction process; civilized construction目目 录录一、绪论 .11.1 桩基特点.11.2 桩基的适用条件.2二、桩基础施工流程 .32.1 施工准备.32.2 钻孔机的安装与定位.32.3 埋设护筒.42.4 泥浆制备.42.5 钻孔.42.6 清孔.52.7 灌注水下混凝土.52.8 桩头凿除.5三、质量控制的含义 .8四、桩基施工前期质量控制（事前控制） .84.1 施工组织设计
