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1、1NTUT英檢教戰文法加強班講義 教務處視聽教學中心 2007.4.2補充 3/26 六、不定詞的被動語態1. 不定詞完成式 (to have + V-ed(p.p.) 只用於下列的情況。 在 seem(似乎), appear(顯得), (be) supposed (被認為), (be) said (聽說 ),以及(be) sorry(抱歉)等動詞之後接不定詞完成式(to have + V-ed(p.p.), 表示發生在更 早的過去事件。 註但若僅表示與敘述當時同步發生時，則只能接 to + V (原形)。 試比較以下 1-4 的句子： 1. He seems to be ill. 他現在看起
2、來好像有病。 2. He seemed to be ill. 他當時看起來好像有病。3. He seems to have been ill. = It seems that he was ill. 他現在看起來好像生過一場病。4. He seemed to have been ill. = It seemed that he hand been ill. 他當時看起來好像生過病。5. He was supposed to have worked hard. 他是早該努力工作的。 6. You seem to have suffered a great deal. 你好像吃過不少苦。 7. T
3、he beggar is said to have been a rich man. 那乞丐據說曾經是個富翁。Check: 選出正確的答案。選出正確的答案。1. I am sorry _ you the other day. (A) to offend(B) offending(C) to have offended(D) having offended2. Jack seems _ very late last night, because he looks very tired now. (A) have stayed up(B) to have stayed up(C) staying
4、up(D) to stay up 2. 在 wish (願), hope (希望), desire (慾望), intend(打算), mean (意指) 等動詞 的過去式後面接不定詞完成式 (to have + V-ed(p.p.), 表示沒有實現的過 去事件。比較下列的實例：1.I intended to come. 我打算要來。 （有沒來不知道） 2.I intended to have come. 我本來是打算要來。 （有打算，但沒能實現）3.I wished to have helped you, but I had no money then. 我本來願意幫助你，但當時沒有錢。3.
5、 He meant to have come to see you last night.2昨夜他本來有意要來看你。但是 Check: 選出正確的答案。選出正確的答案。1. He intended _ abroad last year, but his mother suddenly fell ill. (A) to go(B) going(C) to have gone(D) having gone八、使役動詞 & 感官動詞的用法 1. 使役動詞O動詞原形 (1) My mother made me wait outside the store. 我母親讓讓我在店外等。(2) My fath
6、er doesnt let me go out at night. 我父親不讓讓我在晚上外出。(3) He had the doctor look at his leg.他讓讓醫生檢查他的腳。(4) Father bade me stay here. 父親吩咐我留在這裡。【焦點解析 1】 Make, let, have 的受詞後面必須接原形動詞，而不是接 to 不定詞，此時的 make, let, have 稱為使役動詞，變成使役動詞O動詞原形的型態。 例句(1)make me wait 是讓我等的意思。make+O+V是讓 O 做 的意思。例句(2)let me go out 是讓(允許)我
7、去的意思。let+O+V是 允許或讓 O 做的意思。例句(3)中的 had the doctor look 是讓醫生檢查。 had+O+V表示使 O 做的意思。 Get 也可以表使役的意思，用 get 來代替have+O+V。 但 get 的用法是get+O+to+V I got Tom to repair my bicycle.我讓湯姆修我的腳踏車。【進階功力】 (1). 使役動詞句子的被動語態：make+O+V的被動語態中，動詞原形要改 成 to 不定詞。 I was made to wait outside the store by my mother. 我母親讓我在店外面等。 （註：l
8、et, have 通常不用被動語態）(2). help+O+to V是指幫 O 做,此時受詞後面也可以用動詞原形。 Can you help me (to) put up the tent? 你可以幫我把帳棚打開嗎？let (讓)make (使)have (使)使役動詞bid (吩咐)32. 感官動詞O+動動詞原形 (1) I saw the boy fall down. 我看到這個男孩摔倒。(2) We hear the little girl sing.我們聽見那小女孩唱歌。(3) I felt the ship shake. 我感覺船搖動。(4) I did not perceive a
9、nyone come in.我沒有察覺到任何人進來。【焦點解析 1】see (看見)hear (聽見)feel (感覺)notice (注意到)observe (看到)perceive (察覺)感官動詞watch (注視) See, hear, feel 是表示看、聽、感覺的感官動詞，其用法為感官動詞 +O+原形動詞【進階功力】 當感官動詞+O+原形動詞的句子變成被動時，要將動詞原形改成 to 不定 詞，如下例：The boy was seen to fall down. 這個男孩被人看到摔了一跤。Check: 選出正確的答案。選出正確的答案。1. The manager of the ins
10、urance company didnt succeed _ Jerry see that life insurance is a good thing. (A) to make(B) in making(C) to convince(D) in convincing 2. They set out to make us _ that what they advertise will make us cleverer, prettier, more handsome, if only we use it. (A) believe (B) to believe(C) to believing(D
11、) believing 3. In the business world, salesmen try to make people to want to buy their goods, and A B C help to increase production. (選錯)D 4. When I mentioned her name, I noticed _. (A) him smiling(B) him to smile(C) he smiling(D) he to smile 5. Often, I heard the old man _ the school children inter
12、esting stories about the Dragon Boat Festival. (選對)(A) tell(B) tells(C) told(D) to be told46. He was seen _ his house. (選對)(A) to enter(B) entering into(C) entering(D) enter九、疑問詞to 不定詞(1) You should teach your children how to swim. 你應該教自己的孩子如何游泳。 how to如何做【焦點解析】 不定詞前面加疑問詞的疑問詞to 不定詞，大部分是作為動詞的受詞。例 句中的
13、 how to swim (如何游泳游泳的方法)是 teach 的直接受詞。 who to對誰做I thought about who (whom) to invite to the party. 我在想派對應該邀請誰參加。 what to要做I dont know what to do next. 我不知道接下來要做甚麼？ where to要去哪裡做Do you know where to buy tickets? 你知道要去哪裡買車票嗎？ when to要去哪裡做Ask your teacher when to start. 問老師要何時開始。十、it 當虛主詞、虛受詞用 1. 虛主詞 i
14、t (1) It is fun to meet new people. 認識不同的人很有趣。真正的主詞 (2) It is important that you follow the rules. 遵守規則是重要的。 真正的主詞 【焦點解析】 當主詞為不定詞片語或是 that 子句時，通常會把 it 放在句首主詞的位置當 作主詞使用，身為真正主詞的不定詞片語或是 that 子句，則會放在述語的後方。例句(1)的 to meet new people 是真正的主詞，例句(2) that you follow the rules 這5個 that 子句才是真正的主詞。2. 虛受詞 it (1) I
15、 think it difficult to solve all the questions.我認為要解決所有的問題是困難的。真正的受詞(2) I found it surprising that she didnt know his name. 真正的受詞 令我驚訝的是，我發現她並不知道他的名字。【焦點解析】 SVOC 句型的句子使用不定詞片語或是 that 子句當作受詞時，述語動詞(V) 和受格補語(C) 如果分開，句子的結構就不容易瞭解，所以要把形式上的受詞 it 放在受詞的位置，而作為真正受詞的不定詞片語或是 that 子句則要放在補語 的後方。 例句(1) 真正的受詞是 to sol
16、ve all the questions 這個不定詞片語；例句(2) 真正的受詞是 that she didnt know his name 這個 that 子句。 虛受詞為 it 的主要動詞有：find, think, make, take, consider, believe 等。Review Test (歷屆實戰題歷屆實戰題)請從(A),(B),(C),(D)中選出一個符合語法的正確答案。1._ will do you good to do some exercise every morning. (A) It (B) There(C) Those (D) These 2. _ to learn English
