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1、高考英语非谓语动词题的八条经典原则高考英语非谓语动词题的八条经典原则 原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式1. When asked why he went there， he said he was sent there _ for a space flight. （2007 江西卷）A. trainingB. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained【解析】答案选 D。由于进行航空飞行训练是他被派往那儿的目的，所以 要用不定式，因此可排除 A 和 B。另外，由于“他”与“训练”之间为被动关 系，故选 D。2. _ this cak
2、e， youll need 2 eggs， 175 g sugar and 175 g flour. （2006 广东卷）A. Having madeB. Make C. To makeD. Making【解析】答案选 C。由于是表示目的，故要用不定式，句意为：为了做这 块蛋糕，你需要 2 只鸡蛋、175 克糖和 175 克面粉。原则二：用于名词后作定语时，使用非谓语动词的原则是：用不定式，表 示动作尚未发生;用现在分词，表示动作正在进行;用过去分词，表示动作已经 发生，同时表示被动意义1. The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games _ i
3、n Beiji ng in 2008. （2006 四川卷）A. hold B. holding C. heldD. to be held【解析】答案选 D。由于 2008 年奥运会尚未举行，故要用不定式。2. There are hundreds of visitors _ in front of the Art Galle ry to have a look at Van Goghs paintings. （2006 上海卷）A. waitedB. to wait C. waiting D. wait【解析】答案选 C。由于表示“正在等”，故用现在分词作定语。3. “Things _ ne
4、ver come again!”I couldnt help talking to myself. （2007 湖南卷）A. lost B. losingC. to lost D. have lost【解析】答案选 A。因 things 与动词 lose 之间为被动关系，故用过去分 词。注：受 the first， the second . the last 修饰的名词或代词后原则 上要用不定式作定语。如：The last one _ pays the meal.Agreed!（2007 全国 I）A. arrived B. arrives C. to arriveD. arriving【解析
5、】答案选 C。因为在 the first， the second， the third， the last 等结构后习惯上要接不定式作定语。又如：Id be the first to a dmit I might be wrong. 我愿第一个承认我可能错了。You are the second t o make that mistake. 你是第二个犯这错误的人。原则三： 用作伴随状语，原则上要用现在分词1. As the light turned green， I stood for a moment， not _， and asked myself what I was going to
6、 do. （2007 湖南卷）A. movedB. moving C. to moveD. being moved【解析】答案选 B。由于与句子主语 I 之间为主动关系，且表示当时持续了一会儿，故用现在分词。句意为：当信号灯变绿时，我站在那儿一会儿没动 ，心想自己该怎么办。2. Peter received a letter just now _ his grandma would come to see him soon. （2007 四川卷）A. saidB. saysC. saying D. to say【解析】答案选 C。此处用现在分词表伴随，又如：A card came yester
7、d ay saying Sue will arrive tomorrow. 昨天收到的明信片上说，休明天到。A lan received a telegram saying his father was ill. 埃伦收到一封电报， 说是他父亲生病了。3. Whenever he was asked why he was late for class， he would ans wer carelessly， always _ the same thing. （2006 江苏卷）A. sayingB. saidC. to say D. having said【解析】答案选 A。现在分词 say
8、ing 在此表示伴随。4. We often provide our children with toys， footballs or basketb alls，_ that all children like these things. （2006 全国 III）A. thinkingB. think C. to think D. thought【解析】答案选 A。现在分词 thinking 在此表示伴随。原则四：用作结果状语时，可用现在分词或不定式，其原则区别是，一般 要用现在分词，不定式用作结果状语主要用于某些特定句式中1. The glass doors have taken the
9、place of the wooden ones at the entrance，_ in the natural light during the day. （2007 天津卷）A. to letB. letting C. let D. having let 【解析】答案选 B。此处用现在分词表示结果。又如：It rained heavily， c ausing severe flooding in that place. 大雨滂沱，造成了那个地方洪水泛 滥。2. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the yea r
10、，_ a record US$ 57. 65 a barrel on April 4. （2005 山东卷）A. have reachedB. reaching C. to reachD. to be reaching 【解析】答案选 B。伴随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，用现在分词作 结果状语。注：在 enough to do sth， too.to do sth， only to do sth 等特定 句式中，习惯上要用不定式表示结果。如：1. He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the ticke ts had been
11、sold out. （2006 陕西卷）A. to tellB. to be toldC. telling D. told【解析】答案选 B。only to do sth 在此表示出人意料的结果。2. He hurried to the station only_ that the train had left. （2005 广东卷）A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found【解析】答案选 A。only to do sth 在此表示出人意料的结果。原则五：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。但是，如果所涉及 的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被
12、动式；如果所涉及的动作正在进行，则用现 在分词的被动式1. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _. （2007 浙江卷）A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearingD. being heard【解析】答案选 A。根据句意，此处指的是“被听见”，故要用被动式， 因此可排除 B 和 C。另外，由于“设法被听见”为目的状语，动作在当时尚未 发生，故用不定式，即选 A。 2. The repairs cost a lot， but its money well
13、 _.（2005 湖北卷 ）A. to spendB. spentC. being spent D. spending【解析】答案选 B。由于 money 与 spend 之间为被动关系，故用过去分 词。3. Five people won the “Chinas Green Figure” award， a title _ _ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental prote ction. （2006 山东卷）A. being givenB. is given C. givenD. was given【解析】答
14、案选 C。由于 title 与 give 之间为被动关系，故用过去分词 。原则六：谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致1. Faced with a bill for $10， 000，_. （2006 陕西卷）A. John has taken an extra jobB. the boss has given John an extra jobC. an extra job has been takenD. an extra job has been given to John 【解析】答案选 A。由于（be） faced with 的逻辑主语是 John，故答案只能 选
15、 A。2. While watching television，_. （2005 全国卷 III）A. the door bell rangB. the doorbell ringsC. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings 【解析】答案选 C。因为 watching 的逻辑主语一定是 we，排除选项 A 和 B ；又因在 hear 后作宾补的是省略了 to 的不定式，所以选项 D 中的 rings 是 错误的。原则七：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式（根据 情况可用不定式的完成式或现在分词的完成式
16、） 1._ from other continents for millions of years， Australia has m any plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. （2005 湖北卷）A. Being separated B. Having separatedC. Having been separated D. To be separated【解析】答案选 C。因为 Australia 与 separate 是被动关系，且 separ ate 发生在谓语动词 has 之前，所以用现在分词的完成被动式作原因状语。2. The manager，_ it clear to us that he didnt agree with u s， left the meetin
