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1、1定语从句的运用定语从句的运用 【复习要点】概念1由一个句子作定语，修饰句中一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰整个句子或句中的部分内 容，这样的从句就是定语从句，被其修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。2.关系词分为两大类，即关系代词和关系副词，其作用一是引出一个定语从句，二是代替其所 修饰的先行词，三是在句中充当某个句子成分。关 系 词所 指 先 行 词在 从 句 中 所 担 成 分that事，物，人，时间，地点，原因主，表，宾which事，物，人，时间，地点，原因主，表，宾who人主，表，宾whom人表，宾whose事，物，人定关系代 词as事，物，人主，表，宾when时间状where地点状关系副 词
2、why原因状 要点：（一） 限定性定语从句 1. that 既可代表事物也可代表人，which 代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that 在从句中 作宾语时常可省略关系词，which 在从句中作宾语也 可以省略。eg：this is your book （which）you want。而且，如果 which 在从句中作“不及物动词介词”的介词的宾语，注意介 词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词 which 的前边，但有的则 放在它原来的位置 2. which 作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与 which 之间的介词不 能丢3. 代表物时多用 which，但在带有下列词
3、的句子中用 that 而不用 which，这些词包括当先行 词是 anything, everything, nothing ,few, all, none, little, some 等不定代词时，或者是由 every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等修饰时等，这时的 that 常被省略 还有先行词前有序数词或形容词 最高级修饰时,或先行词就是序数词或最高级时.以及先行词中既有人又有物时.还有句中前面有 which 时,都只能用 that4. who 和 whom 引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom 作宾语时，要 注意它可
4、以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语 5. where 是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句 6. when 引导定语从句表示时间注值得一提的是，表示时间“time“一词的定语从句只用 when 引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用 that 引导 By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of livi
5、ng necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc. 7. whose 是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可 以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与 of which 调换,表达的意思一样.28. 当从句的逻辑主语是 some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything 或 nothing 时，常用 there is 来引导There is somebody here who wants to spe
6、ak to you. 这里有人要和你说话。 （二）非限定性定语从句 非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔 开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立 1. which 引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分 2.当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的， 例如：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经 是我的老师。My house, which I bought last year, h
7、as got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂 亮的花园。This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。3.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第 三人称单数，例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思， 这使我心烦。Liquid water changes to vapor, which is
8、called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。4. 有时 as 也可用作关系代词5. 在非限定性定语从句中，不能用关系副词 why 和关系代词 that，而用 who, whom 代表人， 用 which 代表事物.； （三）关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who 指人，在从句中做主语(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom 指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1) Mr. Liu
9、is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.注意：关系代词 whom 在口语和非正式语体中常用 who 代替，可省略。如果在从句中做宾语,就用 whom 或 who.比如: He is the man whom/who I talk to. 如果是在从句中作主语就只能用 who.比如: He is the man who has an English book.(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my
10、 friend3.which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 4. that 指人时，相当于 who 或者 whom；指物时，相当于 which。在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.3(6) Whe
11、re is the man that/whom I saw this morning?5. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose 指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will
12、soon be repaired.(5) Do you like the book whose color is yellow?(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow? （四）注意介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时从句常由介词+关系代词引导(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.(3) Tomorrow I w
13、ill bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked. 注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of 等(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T正确)(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F错误)2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系
14、代词指人时用 whom，不可用 who 或者 that；指物时用 which，不能用 that；关系代词是所有格时用 whose(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)(2) The man with that you talked is my friend. (F)(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)3. “
15、介词+关系代词”前可有 some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few 等代词或者数词(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. （五
16、）关系副词引导的定语从句 1. when 指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2) The time when we got together finally came.2. where 指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3. why 指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invi
