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1、 1.英语动词有三种语气， 陈述语 气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。（ 见课本P 170页）。2. 定义：用来表示说的话不是事 实，或者是不可能发生的情况 ，而是一种愿望，建议，假设 的语气叫虚拟语气。一：虚拟语气在条件状语 从句中的用法。条件从句 If 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 现在 过去未来would/could/should/ might +V.（原） would/could/should/ might+have+p.p. would/could/should /might +V.（原 ）If 主语动词过去式If 主语had +动词过 去分词If 主语动词过去式should动词原形were
2、 to动词原形1.If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick.2.If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug.3. If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made a mistake.4. If he had been there, it wouldnt have happened.与现在事实相反与过去事实相反5.If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldnt go for an outing.6.I
3、think we could do it, if we planed it properly and could borrow the tools.7. If we were to have three days off , we would enjoy a very happy life.与将来事实相反二：虚拟语气特殊句型：1.Wish 的宾语 从句现在：过去：未来：过去时（were）过去完成时would/could/might+V. 1.I wish I were a bird.（现在）2.I wish I hadnt made such a mistake.（过去 ）3.We wish
4、our parents wouldnt punish us. （将来）2. Would rather that现在：过去：未来：I would rather you paid me now.I would rather you had gone, too. Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.过去时过去时过去完成时3. as if /though + Clause 现在：过去：过去时过去完成时He looks as if he were drunk.They talked as if they had been friends for yea
5、rs.She loves the baby as if it were her own son.It seems that it were spring.I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.注意：如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么方式状语从句中的谓 语动词可用陈述语气。4.Its (about/high) time +that -should +V.过去时你该走了。我们该去睡觉了 。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you were going.Its hi
6、gh time that you should go.Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 5.表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。1.宾语从句。常见动词： 一个坚持，两个命 令，三个建议，四个要求。即2.1.insist 2. order, command 3.3. advise, suggest, propose4.4. demand , require, request, desire5.这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气 用法。即从句中的动词 使用should + 动词 原形，或者将should省略
7、。我们建议Tom 去休息一下。他坚决要求我到场。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。We suggested that Tom have a rest. He insisted that I (should )be present.The king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day. They requested that we (should) send them to work there.以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括 主语从句，表语从句和同位语也要使用虚 拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。ord
8、er, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire6.without和but for 构成虚拟。but for要不是Without sunlight, peoples life would be different from today.But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work.Without your help, I would have failed.But for water, it would be impossible to live in the deser
9、t.有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是 出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段代替条件 句。I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet.（副 词） He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it .（连词）7. If only 要是就好了 If only I knew his name!If only we had followed your advice!If onl
10、y I could see him again!要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我没错过火车就好了！If only our parents could live with us!If only I hadnt missed the train!8. Its necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that-Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（ should）+动词原形It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language.It is strange that she ref
11、use to come to the party.Its necessary that we should study hard.9. 某些简单句的固定句型：Heaven help him!God bless you!May you succeed!Long live the Peoples Republic of China!用于“may动词原形”表示“祝愿”，may须 置于句首。三： 虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点： 1.假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句 所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件 虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照 假设的时间而顶。If the weather had bee
12、n finer, the crops would be growing still better.If you had followed the teachers advice, you wouldnt be in the hospital.2.假设条件虚拟倒装。 条件从句中有should ， were， had三个助动词可以把if省略，并 将这三个词提至句首。If I were you, I would give it up.Were I you, I would give it up.If it were not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties.Were it not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties.If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again.Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again.If there should be a flood, what should we do?Should there be a flood, what should we do?
