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1、乐乐老师提供高质量雅思乐乐老师提供高质量雅思 1 对对 1vip 服务：服务： Email： QQ：522716666 MATCHINGMATCHING 1.1. 段落段落+ +相关信息相关信息 代表题目：代表题目： cam5p20 14cam5p20 14- -1919 题题 cam4 p50 27cam4 p50 27- -3232 题题 1.1. 浏览浏览标题标题+ +首段首段 2.2. 浏览浏览大题大题类型类型, , 确认解题顺序确认解题顺序 3.3. 细读细读信息信息, ,找找关键字关键字 关键字一般是关键字一般是 首末段对应词首末段对应词 特殊词特殊词 statistical st
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4、few years ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments in behavioural psychology, Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life for their willingness to obey instructions given by a leader in a situation in which the subjects might feel a personal dis
5、taste for the actions they were called upon to perform. Specifically, Milgram told each volunteer teacher-subject that the experiment was in the noble cause of education, and was designed to test whether or not punishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupils ability to
6、 learn. B Milgrams experimental set-up involved placing the teacher-subject before a panel of thirty switches with labels ranging from 15 volts electricity (slight shock) to 450 volts (danger severe shock) in seeps of 15 volts each. The teacher-subject was told that whenever the pupil gave the wrong
7、 answer to a question, a shock was to be administered, beginning at the lowest level and increasing in severity with each successive wrong answer. The supposed pupil was in reality an actor hired by Milgram to simulate receiving the shocks by emitting a spectrum of groans, screams and writhings toge
8、ther with an assortment of statements and expletives denouncing both the experiment and the experimenter. Milgram told the teacher-subject to 乐乐老师提供高质量雅思乐乐老师提供高质量雅思 1 对对 1vip 服务：服务： Email： QQ：522716666 ignore the reactions of the pupil, and to administer whatever level of shock was called for, as pe
9、r the rule governing the experimental situation of the moment. C As the experiment unfolded, the pupil would deliberately give the wrong answers to questions posed by the teacher, thereby bringing on various electrical punishments, even up to the danger level of 300 volts and beyond. Many of the tea
10、cher-subjects balked at administering the higher levels of punishment, and turned to Milgram with questioning looks and/or complaints about continuing the experiment. In these situations, Milgram calmly explained that the teacher-subject was to ignore the pupils cries for mercy and carry on with the
11、 experiment. If the subject was still reluctant to proceed, Milgram said that it was important for the sake of the experiment that the procedure be followed through to the end. His final argument was, You have no other choice. You must go on. What Milgram was trying to discover was the number of tea
12、cher-subjects who would be willing to administer the highest levels of shock, even in the face of strong personal and moral revulsion against the rules and conditions of the experiment. D Prior to carrying out the experiment, Milgram explained his idea to a group of 39 psychiatrists and asked them t
13、o predict the average percentage of people in an ordinary population who would be willing to administer the highest shock level of 450 volts. The overwhelming consensus was that virtually all the teacher-subjects would refuse to obey the experimenter. The psychiatrists felt that most subjects would
14、not go beyond 150 volts and they further anticipated that only four per cent would go up to 300 volts. Furthermore, they thought that only a lunatic fringe of about one in 1,000 would give the highest shock of 450 volts. E What were the actual results? Well, over 60 per cent of the teacher-subjects
15、continued to obey Milgram up to the 450 volt limit! In repetitions of the experiment in other countries, the percentage of obedient teacher-subjects was even higher, reaching 85 per cent in one country. How can we possibly account for this vast discrepancy between what calm, rational, knowledgeable
16、people predict in the comfort of their study and what pressured, flustered, but cooperative teachers actually do in the laboratory of real life? F Ones first inclination might be to argue that there must be some sort of built-in animal aggression instinct that was activated by the experiment, and that Milgr
