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1、 1 时态讲解现在完成时 1构成现在完成时由助动词 have + 过去分词构成助动词 have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用 has其余用 have. 现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上 not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以 study 为例其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下 否定式 疑问式 I have not (havent) studied. Have I studied? You have not (havent) studied. Have you studied? He has not (hasnt) studied. Has he studied? 否定疑问式 简单回
2、答肯定/否定 Have I not (Havent I) studied? Yes, you have. No, you havent. Have you not (Havent you) studied? Yes, I have. No, I havent. Has he not (Hasnt he) studied? Yes, he has. No, he hasnt. 2用法 1 现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。 说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 Im sure weve
3、met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 She has arrived. 她到了。 2表示持续到现在的动作或状态往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用如recently, already, just, lately, for, since,yet 等。如 I havent heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 We havent seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。 She has been with us since Mon
4、day. 注意 1since 和 for 的区别 since 后接时间点如 1993last term, yesterday, the time I got there for 后接一段时间表示“长达多久”如 ten years, a while, two days 等。 Exercise: 用 since 和 for 填空 1. Jim has been in Ireland _ Monday. 2. Jill has been in Ireland _ three days. 3. His aunt has lived in Australia _15 days. 4. Mary is i
5、n her office. She has been there _ 7 oclock. 5. India has been an independent country _1974. 6. The bus is late. Theyve been waiting _ 20 minutes. 2 7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty _ many years. 8. Mike has been ill _a long time. He has been in hospital _ October. 1. since 2. f
6、or 3. for 4. since 5. since 6. for 7. for 8. since 2 表示短暂意义的动词如 arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die 等 在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此不能说 He has come here for 2 weeks. The old man has died for 4 months. They have left only for 5 minutes. 以上三句话可以改为 He has been here for 2 weeks. The old
7、 man has _ _ for 4 months. They have _ _ only for 5 minutes. 3 have (has) been 和 have (has) gone 的区别 表示“曾到过某地”要用 “have (has) been”; 表示“已经去某地”要用 “have (has) gone”。试比较 Where has he been? 他刚才到哪里去了已经回来了 Where has he gone? 他上哪儿去了人不在 They have been to Canada. 他们到过加拿大。 现在已经不在加拿大 They have gone to Canada. 他
8、们到加拿大去了。 可能在路上和已经到加拿大. 4现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用如 yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in但可以和 already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never 等连用。例如 She has already come. 她已经来了。 I havent read it yet. 我还没读过这个。 I have met him before.
9、我从前曾见过他。 Ma Hong has always been a good student. 马红一直是个好学生。 I have often seen him in the street. 我经常在街上看见他。 They have never been to Yanan. 他们从未去过延安。 I havent seen him lately. 我近来没看到他。 Irregular Verbs Base Form Past Form Past Participle bear bore born beat beat beaten become became become blow blew b
10、lown bring brought brought 3 build built built buy bought bought catch caught caught choose chose chosen come came come do did done drink drank drunk drive drove driven eat ate eaten fall fell fallen find found found fly flew flown get got got give gave given go went gone grow grew grown have had ha
11、d hear heard heard keep kept kept leave left left lose lost lost make made made put put put read read read run ran run say said said see saw seen sell sold sold send sent sent sing sang sung sink sank/sunk sunk take took taken teach taught taught write wrote wrote am, is was been are were been Exerc
12、ise: 4 I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form. 1. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week. 2. _ he _ (finish) his work today? Not yet. 3. My father _ just _ (come) back from work. He is tired now. 4. Wheres Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office. 5. I _ (work) here since I _ (mov
13、e) here in 1999. 6. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here. 7. How long _ the Wangs _(stay) here ? For two weeks. 8. I _ just _ (finish) my homework. 9. He _ (go) to school on foot every day. 10._ you _ (find) your science book yet? 11. If it _ (be) fine tomorrow, Ill go with you. 12. The student
14、s _ (read) English when the teacher came in. 13. Look! The monkey _ (climb) the tree. 14. My mother _ (come) to see me next Sunday. 15. Ive lost my pen. _ you _ (see) it anywhere? 1. have, seen, saw 2. Has, finished 3. has, come 4. has gone 5. have worked, moved 6. have made 7. have, stayed 8. have,
15、 finished 9. goes 10. have, found 11. is 12. were reading 13. is climbing 14. is coming 15. Have, seen II. Choose the best answer. 1. How long have you _ here? A. come B. got C. arrived D. been 2. My grandpa died _. A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6. 3. Jane has _ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow. A. been
