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1、The EU Water Framework DirectiveThe EU Water Framework Directive 欧欧 盟盟 水水 框框 架架 指指 令令Dr Martin Griffiths EU WFD Expert 10.11.2008马丁马丁 格里菲斯格里菲斯 欧盟水框架指令专家欧盟水框架指令专家?Integrated river basin management in place for over 40 years 开展流域综合管理多年开展流域综合管理多年?The European Union Directives influence most standards i
2、n EU 欧盟指令影响着英国大多数的标准欧盟指令影响着英国大多数的标准?There is a strong regulatory regime in place to issue permits and to ensure compliance 有一个强有力的规章制度来发行许可，以及确保实施有一个强有力的规章制度来发行许可，以及确保实施?The EU Water Framework Directive provides a water planning framework for Europe for the next 30 years. 欧盟水框架指令在多年时间里为欧洲提供了一个水规划的框架
3、欧盟水框架指令在多年时间里为欧洲提供了一个水规划的框架2Water Framework Directive Background 背景Water Framework Directive Objectives 目标?Introduces new ways of protecting and improving rivers, lakes, groundwater, estuaries and coastal waters 介绍新方法，保护和改善河流、湖泊、地下水、入海口及沿海的介绍新方法，保护和改善河流、湖泊、地下水、入海口及沿海的 水资源水资源?Integrated River Basin M
4、anagement across Europe 在整个欧洲实施综合流域管理在整个欧洲实施综合流域管理?The emphasis is on achieving good environmental outcomes 重点是达到保护环境的目标重点是达到保护环境的目标?It provides a structure to enable us to develop a sustainable future for our natural waters. 提供了一个框架，使我们能持续的开发利用我们的天然水资源提供了一个框架，使我们能持续的开发利用我们的天然水资源34Water Framework Di
5、rective European river basins 欧洲流域5Danube MapChina MapWater Framework Directive River basins 流域HIGH HIGH 高高GOOD GOOD 好好好好MODERATE MODERATE 中中中中POOR POOR 差差差差BAD BAD 很差很差很差很差No or Minimal 无或少无或少Slight轻轻Moderate中中Major大部分大部分Severe严重严重恢复RestorePrevent deterioration- A reference based system 参照系统 - Aim
6、to achieve Good Quality 实现良好质量6Water Framework Directive Ecological Objectives (by 2015) 生态目标Integrated options for ecological improvementIntegrated options for ecological improvement 改善生态的综合措施改善生态的综合措施改善生态的综合措施改善生态的综合措施7Flow Regime 水流水流Physical Habitat 生境生境Water Quality 水质水质Water Framework Directiv
7、e Improvement options 改善措施Monitoring Programmes Monitoring Programmes 监测项目监测项目监测项目监测项目8Chemical Water Framework Directive Environmetal monitoring 环境监测ElementsBiological ElementsHydromorphological ElementsPhysico-chem Elements?An Improvement Plan 改进计划改进计划 ?A clear and public programme that aims to ac
8、hieve good status 清晰公开的计划，目标是实现水质的良好状态清晰公开的计划，目标是实现水质的良好状态 ?Basic measures 基本措施基本措施 Statutory instruments 法律法规法律法规 Abstraction licences, effluent permits etc 取水证，排污证等取水证，排污证等 ?Supplementary Measures 补充措施补充措施 Incentives 激励措施激励措施 Codes of practice 行业准则行业准则 Voluntary initiatives自律行为自律行为 Education 教育教育
9、?Set a clear timetable 制定明确的时间表制定明确的时间表 ?Funding must be available 资金必须到位资金必须到位 9Water Framework Directive Programme of Measures 实施计划Programme of Measures = Improvement Programme实施计划=改进计划Point Source Improvements 点源改进点源改进 Sewage Treatment污水处理污水处理 Industry工业工业 Abstraction reductions减小取水减小取水 Groundwat
10、er地下水地下水Diffuse Source面源面源 Agriculture农业农业 Urban land use 城市用地城市用地Habitat Creation建立栖息地建立栖息地 Wetlands湿地湿地 Coastal management 海岸管理海岸管理10Use best combination to achieve agreed outcomes 用最佳的组合来达到目标Water Framework Directive Programme of Measures 实施计划11Water Framework Directive Economic Analysis 经济分析The
11、Benefits of Environmental improvement 环境改善所带来的利益环境改善所带来的利益Water Framework Directive Economic Analysis 经济分析12The Costs of Environmental improvement 环境改善所需要付出的代价环境改善所需要付出的代价13Water Framework Directive Economic Analysis 经济分析Water Framework Directive Public Participation 公众参与6 years to analyse issues an
12、d prepare plan 6年分析、准备计划年分析、准备计划3 years to prepare 3年准备年准备Objectives met ? 目标是否实现？目标是否实现？Dec 2009Dec 2015Dec 2006Dec 2000Dec 2003Dec 2012Establish programme of measures 确定措施确定措施Programme of measures operational 实施计划实施计划Directive entered into force 生效生效Transposition 变换变换Dec 2004Publish plan for produ
13、cing RBMPs 公布公布 计划编制流域管理计划计划编制流域管理计划Characterise basins 确定利于特性确定利于特性3 years to put in place schemes 3年实施计划年实施计划3 years to achieve outputs 3年取得成果年取得成果Repeat for two further six year cycles 再重复两个再重复两个6年循环周期年循环周期15Water Framework Directive Timetable 时间表Water Framework Directive Common Implementation St
14、rategy 统一实施战略Water Framework Directive Handbook 手册Integrated River Basin Management has been essential in the protection and improvement of the water environment in EUIt allows for dialogue and consultationIt allows costs to be calculated and options evaluatedIt sets a timetable for improvementIt allows scarce resources to be optimisedOptimise resources within a river basin 在流域内优化资源流域综合管理对英国的环境的保护流域综合管理对英国的环境的保护 与改善起到了重要的作用与改善起到了重要的作用引进了对话与协商引进了对话与协商让成本得以计算让成本得以计算,选择得以评估选择得以评估确定改进时间表确定改进时间表优化稀有资源优化稀有资源18Water Framework Directive Conclusion 结论
