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1、第十一篇 When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach Our senses arent just delivering 汪 strict view of whats going on in the world； they re affected by whats going on in our heads. A new study finds that hungry people see food-related words more clearly than people whove just eaten. Psychologists have known for dec
2、ades that whats going on,inside our head affects our senses. For example, poorer children think coins are larger than they are, and hungry people think pictures of food are brighter. Remi Radel of University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis，France， wanted to investigate how this happens. Does it happen righ
3、t away as the brain receives signals from the eyes or a little later as the brains high-level thinking processes get involved. Radel recruited 42 students with a normal body mass index. On the day of his or her test, each student was told to arrive at the lab at noon after three or four hours of not
4、 eating. Then they were told there was a delay. Some were told to come back in 10 minutes; others were given an hour to get lunch first. So half the students were hungry when they did the experiment and the other half had just eaten. For the experiment, the participant looked at a computer screen. O
5、ne by one, 80 words flashed on the screen for about l/300th of a second each. They flashed at so small a size that the students could only consciously perceive. A quarter of the words were food-related. After each word，each person was asked how bright the word was and asked to choose which of two wo
6、rds theyd seen a food-related word like cake or a neutral word like boat. Each word appeared too briefly for the participant to really read it. Hungry people saw the food-related words as brighter and were better at identifying food- related words. Because the word appeared too quickly for them to b
7、e reliably seen, this means that the difference is in perception ,not in thinking processes, Radel says. “This is something great to me. Humans can really perceive what they need or what they strive for. From the experiment, I know that our brain can really be at the disposal of our motives and need
8、s,” Radel says. 词汇： threshold n.起点，开端；门槛 disposal n.处理,处置;配置 neutral adj.中性的；中立的 motive n.动机，目的 strive v.努力，力求;斗争 注释： 1. Our senses aren t just delivering a strict view of . in our heads:这个句子的大概意思是: 我们的五官感觉不仅仅让我们感知世界;五官感觉还受大脑活动的影响。 2. University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis:法国尼斯索菲亚安提波利斯大学，简称尼斯大学， 1965 年
9、经法国政令正式宣布成立。尼斯大学在尼斯市设有 7 处主校园，另外，还在索菲亚 安提波利斯市(Sophia Antipolis)、戛纳市（Cannes)和芒东市（Menton)设有校区。索菲亚 安 提波利斯是位于尼斯市西南侧的科技园区，是许多髙等学府的所在地。 3. body mass index:身体质量指数 4. at the threshold of:当快要开始时 5. in perception：感知 6. at the disposal of:受到的控制 练习： 1. What does the new study mentioned in Paragraph 1 find? A Hu
10、ngry people see every word more clearly than ordinary people. B Hungry people are always thinking of food-related words. C Hungry people are more sensitive to food-related words than stomach-full people. D Hungry people do not have lower-level of thinking process. 2. Why was there a delay on the day
11、 of the experiment? A Because hungry people needed time to fill their stomach. B Because Radel wanted to create two groups of testees, hungry and non-hungry. C Because noon was not the right time for any experiment. D Because Radel needed time to select participants in terms of body mass index. 3. W
12、hat does the writer want to tell us? A Human9s senses arent just delivering a strict view of whats going on in the world. B Whats perceived by our senses affects our way of thinking. C Human brains can really be at the disposal of our motives and needs. D Thinking processes guarantee the normal func
13、tions of our senses. 4. What did the results of the experiment indicate? A 80 words flashed on the screen too fast for the participant to intentionally perceive. B Hungry people were better at identifying neutral words. C People who had just eaten were better at identifying food-related words. D The
14、 participants could barely perceive what they needed or what they strived for. 5. What can we infer from the passage? A 42 participants are too small a number for a serious investigation. B An experiment with hungry and non-hungry participants is not reliable. C Our thinking processes are independen
15、t of our senses. D Humans can perceive what they need without involving high-level thinking processes. 答案与题解： 1. C 第一段第二句是本题答案的依据。饥肠辘辘的人只是看 food-related words 比较清 楚，选项 C 的句意与上述句子的意思完全一致，是答案。选项 A 说的是 every word, 所以不 是答案。选项 B 和 D 文章中没有提到。 2. B 答案的根据可在第三段找到。Radel 为了保证 42 名学生到达实验室时是空腹，所以 要求他们中午到达。然后告诉一部
16、分学生实验时间推迟了，请他们 10 分钟后再来。他又请 另外一部分学生用午餐。Radel 用推迟实验的方法造就了两组实验者，即饥饿组与饱食组。 选项 B 是答案。 3. C 虽然 A、B、D 选项均可在文中找到对应部分，但只属于细节，而非主旨，因此不 能选。本文最后一句给出了直接的答案。 4. A 第四段第三行中 consciously 与 A 项中的 intentionally 是同义词。 B 项 neutral 意思为 “中性的” ，在本文中的意思是与 food-related 相对的，即“与食物不相关的” ，因此是错误 选择; C 项不符合课文原意; D 项 barely 意为“仅仅，勉强，几乎没有” ，因此也不符合句意。 5. D 选项 A 所说的实验样本的大小与本题主旨无关，不是答案，而是干扰项;B、C 内容 也不能直接从短文中推断出来。 选项D是答案。 最后一段第二句的 “Humans can really perceive what they need or what they striv
