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1、THE USAGeography and People 1. The United States of America (Since 1775) 2. The National Flag ：The Stars and Stripes(星条旗 ) OR popularly known as the Old Glory美国国旗的爱称3. The National Anthem ：The Star-Spangled Banner 星条旗之歌4. Capital City: Washington, District of Columbia (The District of Columbia was n
2、amed after Christopher Columbus and the city Washington was named after George Washington. The city is governed directly by the Federal government. 哥伦比亚特区以克里斯托弗. 哥伦布命名，华盛顿以华盛顿命名。这个城市是由联邦政府直接管辖的。) Famous architectures: U.S. Capitol Hill 国会山 ; Pentagon（五角大楼the U. S. Defense Department and the headquar
3、ters of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) are in it）; White House; Lincoln Memorial m?m? r? l 林肯纪念堂，etc. 5. Size：the 4th largest country in the world 6. Administrative Divisions: America consists of 50 states and a federal district, the District of Columbia. Two of the 50 states, Alaska and
4、Hawaii, are separated from the continental America, which are the youngest states of the United States. 7. Largest state: Alaska (the 49th state ) Smallest state：Rhode island 美国罗德岛州Largest city: New York 8. Landforms:Three major divisions Easthighlands：（ Appalachian Range 阿巴拉契亚山脉）Westmountains： high
5、 plateauspl?t ?高原(Cordillera,k ?d? lje?r?山脉 Range: the Coast Range-the Sierra Nevada-the Cascades-the Rocky Mountains) 山脉范围 :海岸山脉的林区的内华达州,Cascades-the洛基山脉In betweena vast plain region 一个广阔的平原地区: The Great Plains 大平原9. Highest point: The Sierra-Nevada 内华达山脉 : Mount Whitney 惠特尼峰4418m(14,495 feet) the
6、highest peak in the continental US（ the highest peak of the USA is the Mount McKinley(20320 feet) in the south of Alaska ）Lowest point: Death Valley 死谷 : in eastern California, 85 meters below sea level, the lowest point in the whole of N. America北美洲10. Rivers The Mississippi River , the most import
7、ant and longest river in the US. This river is known to some native American Indians as the father of waters.父亲河The Missouri River 密苏里河 :Since the river runs through the dry west, it carries a large amount of topsoil 表层土 , so it is sometimes called as the Muddy泥泞的River . 11. The Great Lakes The Grea
8、t Lakes are composed of five lakes: Lake Michiganmi? i ?n密歇根湖 , Lake Superior 苏必利尔湖 , Lake Eriei ?ri 伊利湖 , Lake Huronhju ?r?n休伦湖and Lake Ontario ?nt?ri?u安大略湖 . Among the five lakes, only Lake Michigan belongs to the US completely while the other four are shared by the United States and Canada. Lake
9、Superior (82,414 km2 ), is the largest freshwater lake (by surface area) in the world. 12. Natural Resources 1) Large supplies of fresh water has played a very important part in America s growth2) Rich in lumber resources 3) The United States is also rich in mineral resources. Gold Rush: A rush of m
10、igrants ma?r?nts 移民者to an the western where gold was discovered in California in 1848 13. Principle Cities: Now York: The Statue of Liberty a gift from the French people in 1886, was placed on Liberty Island，The United Nations headquarters stands along the East River at 42nd Street in the city. 联合国总
11、部位于沿着城市东河的第四十二条街上Philadelphia ?f? l?delfj ? 费城the seat of the Continental Congress 大陆会议所在地. The First and Second Continental Congresses (1774 and 1775-1776) and the Constitutional Convention 制宪会议 (1787) met in the city, which served as the capital of the United States from 1790 to 1800. Independence
12、 Hall: It was in this hall that the American Declaration of Independence美国独立宣言 was signed on July 4, 1776 and Constitution of the US was framed美国宪法框架San Francisco: The Chinatown in San Francisco is the largest Chinese settlement in the US. The Golden Gate Bridge Detroit 底特律 d? tr? t ：the largest cen
13、ter of the automobile industry in the US and is known as“ the Mo tor City ” 汽车城Houston ?hju:st? n休斯顿 : “ Space City, USA.”太空城14. Population Distribution人口分布 : Uneven 不均匀 electrical products; chemicals; food; beverage饮料； tobacco；petroleum products Three Industrial Regions: The Industrial Northeast is
14、 the oldest and most important industrial region The South has now become the newly developed industrial region The West is an important mining area and is at present the most rapidly growing section of the country. 3. AgricultureAgribusiness(农业企业 ) vastness of the land in part generosity ?d?en? r?s
15、?ti 慷慨 of nature large capital investments and increasing use of highly trained labor Biotechnology ?ba?tek?n? l?d?i 生物技术 Computers 4. Foreign Trade：Why does America try to reduce trade barriers? P.146 To advance American s economic development, enhance its domestic stability as well as relationship
16、 with other nations. Political System 1. Government The system of government is established on the basis of the Constitution of the US. The Constitution was framed in Philadelphia ?f? l?delfj ? 费城in 1787 and ratified in 1789. The Constitution follows two principles: the federal system and the separation of powers政权分离. Federal System The US is a federal union of 50 states. The federal system means that the states have
