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1、CRIME CLASSIFICATION THE DECISION PROCESS 犯罪分类：决定的过程To classify a crime using the CCM, an investigator needs to ask questions about the victim, the crime scene, and the nature of the victim-offender exchange.使用 CCM 对犯罪分类，调查人员 需要问的问题关于受害人，犯罪现场，与被害人与犯罪人互动交流的方式和性质。 The answers to these questions will g
2、uide the investigator toward making a decision on how best to classify the offense.在这些问题的答案将引导调查人员作出最正确的分类。 However, the optimum use of this manual depends on the quality of information the investigator has concerning the crime.但是，正确使用此手册取决于调查人员所掌握的关于犯罪的信息。 Defining Characteristics 定义特性The defining
3、characteristics of each offense need to be as comprehensive and complete as possible.每项罪行的定义特征必须是尽可能全面和完整。 Victimology is an essential step in arriving at a possible motive.受害者伤痕的特征是了解可能 动机的必要步骤。 An investigator who fails to obtain complete victim histories may be overlooking information that could
4、quickly direct the investigation to a motive and suspects.一个不能获得完整的受害者的信 息的调查者可能忽略可以直接快速调查的动机和嫌疑人的信息。 As one looks through the classification sections in this book, it becomes apparent a blend of motivations inspires many violent crimes.正如人们浏览这本书中的章节，激发暴力犯罪的动 机是很明显的。 This is especially true when mul
5、tiple offenders are involved.显然如此，多种犯罪被提及。 There may be as many different reasons for the crime as there are offenders. 每个罪犯都有各自 的原因去犯罪。The approach taken in the CCM for multiple motives is to classify the offense according to the predominant motive.在 CCM 中对于多重动机采用了根据主要动机进行分类罪犯的方法 Consider a case in
6、 which a husband kills his wife for insurance money.考虑这样一种案例丈夫为 了保险金杀死妻子。 He then attempts to cover the murder with a fire.然后，他企图用放火来掩盖谋杀 In addition, he was having an affair, and his wife would not give him a divorce.此外，他有外遇 了，他的妻子却不打算和他离婚 This homicide has criminal enterprise (financial gain) and
7、personal cause (domestic) motives.这宗 凶杀案有犯罪利益（财产收益）及个人原因（家庭）动机 It also can be classified as crime concealment under the arson section.它也可以被掩盖成纵火罪 The financial considerations should be the primary criteria for classifying this crime.财务方面的 考虑应该是这个犯罪分类的主要标准。 The other applicable categories would be su
8、bclassifications.通过其他分类标准进行细化。 So once classified, this homicide would appear as follows.所以分类之后，这起谋杀将显示如下 For example, the number 107 refers to the category “insurancerelated death”; the subcategory of 107.01 refers to “individual profit motive.”例如，数字 107 指的是“保险死亡”类;107.01 的子类别是指“个人利润的动机。 ” The numb
9、er 122 refers to “domestic murder” and the 122.02 refers to “staged domestic homicide.”数字 122 是指“家庭谋杀” ，而 122.02 是指“有预谋的家庭谋杀。 ” The number 231 refers to the category “crime concealment, murder.”数字 231 指的是“隐蔽 犯罪，谋杀。 ”类 107.01 Individual profit motive 122.02 Staged domestic homicide 231.00 Crime conce
10、alment, murder The investigator will now be able to consult the investigative considerations and search warrant suggestions for each of these categories for possible guidance.现在调查者可以根据每个类别的 指导咨询调查事项和提出搜查建议。 Prosecutors will also benefit from having all aspects of the crime detailed.检察官也将受益于具 有详述的犯罪的
11、各个方面 Later, other investigators working cases with one or more elements of this offense can use this case or any others with the applicable heading for reference.其他调查人员所调查的这个罪的一 个或更多的要素，可以使用这个案例来作出合适的参考方向。 The main rule when several of the categories apply (for example, murder and sexual assault, or
12、 sexual assault and arson) is to lead with the crime of highest lethality.当采用分类方法时，主要 的规则是依据犯罪的致死性，例如：谋杀和性侵犯、性攻击和纵火 Homicide takes precedence.凶杀成分多的优先 Next comes arsonbombing and then sexual assault, if applicable.接下来可能是纵火轰炸，然后 性侵犯 The following sections describe each of the key elements in categori
13、zing a crime 接下来的章节 描述分类一个犯罪的每个关键因素 victimology, crime scene indicators frequently noted, staging, common forensic findings, and investigative considerations.被害者情况，犯罪现场特征，现场伪装，普通鉴定结果，调查事 项。 Victimology 对犯罪中的受害者的调查，以及对他们生活经历的心理上的影响。Victimology is the complete history of the victim. (If the crime is a
14、rson, then victimology includes targeted property.)受害分析是对受害者的完整记录。 （如果是纵火犯罪，则被害分析包括受 害范围内的财产） It is often one of the most beneficial investigative tools in classifying and solving a violent crime. 这是分类和解决暴力犯罪很有效的调查工具。 It is also a crucial part of crime analysis.这也是犯罪分析的重要组成部分 Through it, the investi
15、gator tries to evaluate why this particular person was targeted for a violent crime. 通过它，调查者可以试着评估为什么这个人是如何成为暴力犯罪的对象。 Often, just answering this question will lead the investigator to the motive, which will lead to the offender.很多时候，正是回答了这个问题就能引导调查者了解犯罪动机，也就是动机牵引 出罪犯。 Was the victim known to the off
16、ender 被害人是否认识罪犯？ What were the victims chances of becoming a target for violent crime 是什么让被害人有机会 成为犯罪的目标？ What risk did the offender take in perpetrating this crime 罪犯实施该犯罪所承担的风险？ These are some of the important questions investigators should keep in mind as they analyze the crime.这些都是调查人员在分析时应该时刻牢记的重要问题。 One of the most important aspects of classifying an offense and determining the motive is a thorough understanding of all offender activity with the vi
