《工业工程专业英语--翻译》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《工业工程专业英语--翻译（5页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、工业工程的真正价值工业工程的真正价值 Real IE Value In addition, the IE now has a greater opportunity to concentrate on any one of a broad variety of areas that many companies now recognize as individual departments-including simulation, operations research, ergonomics, material handling and logistics. 值得一提的是，工业工程现在有更
2、多的机会去集中于现在许多企业已经视为独立的学科的 众 多领域中的一个-包括防真学、运筹学、人因学、物料搬运和物流学。 Work-measured Labor Standards 基于作业测量的劳动标准基于作业测量的劳动标准If you are a manufacturer, chances are you have a bill-of-materials (BOM) system to determine standard parts cost. Do you also have an equivalent bill-of-labor system to determine standard
3、labor cost? 如果你是一个制造商，你有可能会有一个物料清单系统来确定标准件的成本。你是否也能 得到类似的劳动力清单系统来确定标准的劳动成本？Time studyThe most widely used tool to develop standard times is still time study. Time study reflects what is happening in your job or project. It is also easy to learn and use. Now, the PC has made summarization of time stu
4、dy data a matter of seconds instead of hours. 时间研究-用来开发标准时间使用最广泛的工具依然是时间研究。时间研究能把你的工作 或者项目中发生的事情展现出来。时间研究也比较容易学习使用。如今，电脑用几秒而不 是几小时就能总结时间研究。Activity samplingAn often overlooked tool is activity sampling, usually called work sampling by North American IEs. In this technique, a group of workers are obs
5、erved at random times and their individual activities noted each hour. After a week or two, the average time spent on each activity can be calculated, and statistically justified. The average time per piece can then be determined. 活动抽样-一个经常被忽视的工具是活动抽样, 北美的工业工程师通常称之为工作抽样。 这种技术抽取随机时间观察工人并在每个小时对他们个人的活动
6、作出记录。一两周后, 每 个活动的平均花费时间可以被计算并系统地定义下来。每件工作的平均时间就能够确定。Lets quickly review the techniques, and put them into perspective according to the tasks for which they apply: motion analysis: very short, repetitive tasks; time study: short, repetitive and variable tasks; activity sampling: longer, variable task
7、s; historical data: long, repetitive and variable tasks; estimates: seldom performed, variable tasks. 让我们快速回顾这些技术, 并弄清楚它们适用的任务 动作分析:时间非常短的重复性工作。 时间研究:时间短的重复性变量工作 活动抽样: 时间较长的可变工作; 历史数据:时间较长的重复性可变工作; 估计: 很少执行的可变工作P30 ElementsIndividual work-measured times are often referred to as standard elements or
8、standard data. Some companies maintain standard data in ring binders, but most dont even bother cataloging individual work-measured time elements. APC-based system encourages standard data development and application because it simplifies the process and eliminates extra paperwork. Most software pro
9、grams offer integrated motion-level standard data in the form of an integrated PMTS. But your time study, activity sampling, historical data, and estimate elements are also legitimate standard data elements. Such elements can be cataloged in a computerized standards system for rapid application to w
10、orker standards. This is much faster than looking them up in a ring binder. 原理-独立作业测量次通常被称为标准单元或标准数据。一些公司把标准数据记在环形手 册里面, 但大多数公司不干扰记录独立作业测量时间单元。一个基于计算机的系统有利于 标准数据的开发和应用, 因为它简化了这个过程, 消除了额外的文书工作。大多数软件程 序以一种预定动作时间系统的形式提供集成的动作水平标准数据。但时间研究, 工作抽样, 历史数据, 估计单元是合理的标准数据原理。这种原理可以在计算机编目标准体系以便于 快速应用于职工的标准。这样会比去查环
11、形手册要快得多。Operationsworker standards are often referred to as operation or process standards, and are typically paper systems just begging for computerization. The operations or process level is the core level in any PC-based standards system, and it often offers side benefits such as manufacturing li
12、ne balancing. Frequencies, allowances, internal elements, setup elements, workplace layouts, assembly sketches, operator instructions, and other worker-oriented aspects are also handled at this level. 运营操作-职工标准通常被称为操作或处理标准,通常是纸面上的没有计算机化的系统。 在任何基于计算机的标准系统中操作或流程级别是核心级,它通常带来了副作用如生产线平 衡。频率、宽放时间、内部要素,设置要
13、素,工作场所的布局,装配示意图,运营商指令,和其 他工人取向方面也在这个层次上处理。21世纪的工厂布局世纪的工厂布局 Next Generation Factory Layouts An alternative to a functional layout is a cellular configuration, in which the factory is partitioned into cells, each dedicated to a family of products with similar processing requirements. Although cellular
14、 factories can simplify work flow and reduce material handling, they are generally designed to produce a specific set of products whose demand levels are assumed to be stable and product life cycles sufficiently long In fact, cells are usually dedicated to single product families with little allowan
15、ce for intercell flows. Cellular factories are inefficient when demand for existing products fluctuates or new products are introduced often. Some authors have proposed alternative cellular structures to overcome these problems, such as overlapping cells, cells with machine sharing, and fractal cell
16、s. Although an improvement, these alternatives remain bounded by their cellular structure. 对于功能式布局的一个可替代形式是单元化结构。在单元化结构中工厂分成许多小单元， 每个单元都可用于加工同一系列的具有相似要求的产品。虽然单元生产工艺能够简化工作 流程降低材料处理，但是一般只用于一套特定的、需求水平稳定的并且生产周期足够长的生产流程。实际上，生产单元通常用于跨单元生产流程代价不大的单一产品系列。单元化 生产用于需求有波动的现有产品和经常引入新产品的生产线的时候效率不高。有些专家开 发了替代性的单元化结构来克服这些问题，例如重叠式单元、机器可共享的单元、和不规 则单元。虽然有改进，可这些替代品依然被单元化结构所局限。Layout design procedures，whether for functional or cellula
