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1、Nomenclature of Organic Compounds?1. Nomenclature of Hydrocarbons:? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?!? “? #?$?%neo- ortho-?9secondaryA sec-m-meta-?B9tertiaryCtert-p-para-?29?alkane? + -ane ?a?-ne ?: methane; ?: decane; ?: heptane;?: tridecane?: tetradecane?: pentadecane?: (e)icosane?: heneicosane?: docosane?: triacont
2、ane?: hentriacontane?: tetracontane?: pentacontane?: hexacontane?: heptacontane?: octacontane ?: nonacontane1?Aliphatic Hydrocarbons ? Fatty Hydrocarbons ? ?:Heneicosane?alkene ? ? + -ene?a?!a?-ene .?“#?: ?#? + -diene ?#? + -triene$: %#: ethene; ?: hexadiyne / hexadiineH3CCH3but-2-ynehexa-2,4-diyneH
3、3Cpropene2-methylbut-2-enehexa-1,3,5-trienebuta-1,3-diene?(?)*+,-,*+, .-/01,)02134? ?56 78,-,*19D?E F?G?H?!?( E )I?G?H?!?d?0?0? E F ?GH?g?%d?GH?GH?G?H?!?CH3CH2CH2CHCH3CH3? !?“#$%=.?23? 1?ABCD?789:; C5pentyloxy - decyloxy) X(X=F,Cl,Br,I)fluoro -, chloro-,bromo-,iodo-Ralkyl -NH2amino-ClO2N?p-nitrochlo
4、robenzeneOHCOOH?m-hydroxybenzoic acidCHOHONH22-?-5-?2-amino -5- hydroxybenzaldehydeCl SO3HNO25-?-2-?2-chloro-5-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid? ? ? ?!“? #$%? ?+(?+(ABCA(+ D(EBCE(+(FGHBCFGCH(+ ,(IJ/1+2(=+5(K=+7(L,9( MNOP/01? /1?;N?bcdefghiejkl? mn?o?pkl#$%?qrs?t?7uv%u,uwE 7uxyz|yu,uYZ?Z|ZYCH3CCH2CH2CH2OHO?
5、 ?5(?3? dicarboxylic acid tricarboxylic acid AB?CD3EFG?“H? I3J? K?LMN3J? OP?L N3-Q3?R?S?4?N7T3J 2-methyl butanoic acidCH3CH2CHCOOHCH3CH3CHCHCH2COOH3-UV3J3-pentenoic acid4?N7? W?X7UY3J 2-ethyl-4-methylpentanedioic acidCH3CH2CHCH2CHCH3COOH COOHZ3J?K? ?O? ?CH3(CH2)16CO2HCH3(CH2)10CO2HCOOHCOOHXY3J K?O ?
6、 ? 3J?ZY3J? ?O? ?_63J? ?O ?COOHCOOHCOOH1,2-? 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acidW? +,-? ? ? K?O ?)*$?a?b? !?“B?CH3CHCHOCH3CH3CH2CHCHCHOCH3CH2CH34?N7cb 2-methylpropanal?N7?4?X7Ub 2-ethyl-3-methylpentanala?-?./012)3)$?45? 6?O 74?UdJ 2-pentanone N7c7d methyl propyl ketoneCH3CCH2CH2CH3OBcdpropanone YN7d dimeth
7、yl ketoneCH3CCH3OOd cyclohexanone?a?e?fghijk7J3?fg? “? ?”!“?K ”“CH3COOCH3X3NlJS K? K?O?K S K? K?K CH3CH2COOC2H5c3XlJ K?m?m?O?K COOC4H9MN3TlJ?nK? OP?K o?89?:;?)*$?CH3CH2NH2XpK?S?O K?O?S?O ?“amine ” ?!?“#N$%?#amine !?/? !1“2# A?BC“borane #D EC“silane#FGC“stannane#H?I?(CH3)4Si (CH3)3SnCH2CH3701EC*0151G
8、CTetramethylsilaneEthyltrimethylstannane“3# ?J? !1?K?L M!NO?A?P !1?M!QCH3MgI CH3CH2HgCl CH3CH2AlCl2R?01ST?5164T?51U“VW9:#methylmagnesium iodide ethylmercury chloride ethylaluminum dichloride?2? ? !?“#?$ %?abl/? =mn$opq?abcar4s“t?u#d?eF4e?NOfNO g?v?/?p(qOSNH ?ONSNNHN1234512345123451,2?1,2?1,2?;mwx+./Zd?yz|./Z?K?Y ?$abc?abc? ?()?D?N?$“1#abc?i?_NO?1?NO?NO ?t? D D H$opqO 12 3 45N 12 3 456“2#am x+F?+NOi?NOv“?NO?NONOv?;=?“?;v$opqfiDflD?qfifl?O S N2?3?“3#cm xeF?eNO?iL g?1i?NO? ?v?N?”g?1?$op()? ?./?4,5-401/ 4,5-dimethylpyrimidineNNMeMe123456
